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	<title>OLD AIRCRAFT</title>
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	<description>ANGLAIS AERONAUTIQUE - HISTOIRE DE L&#039;AVIATION - Gustave Whitehead, Maxime Lenoir</description>
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		<title>Au revoir Jean-Yves</title>
		<link>https://airforces.fr/2023/02/19/au-revoir-jean-yves/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Toni G.]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 19 Feb 2023 18:21:18 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Bleriot XI]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Construction]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Histoire de l'aviation]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://airforces.fr/?p=14588</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>J&#8217;espérais le revoir un jour. Dans un meeting aérien, une fête locale ou un salon. Jean-Yves Valor faisait la sensation dans l&#8217;ouest de la France en exposant une magnifique réplique du Blériot XI. Il avait pris soin de suivre chaque<span class="ellipsis">&#8230;</span></p>
<div class="read-more"><a href="https://airforces.fr/2023/02/19/au-revoir-jean-yves/">Lire la suite <span class="screen-reader-text">Au revoir Jean-Yves</span><span class="meta-nav"> &#8250;</span></a></div>
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<p>The post <a href="https://airforces.fr/2023/02/19/au-revoir-jean-yves/">Au revoir Jean-Yves</a> appeared first on <a href="https://airforces.fr">AVIATION ENGLISH</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">J&rsquo;espérais le revoir un jour. Dans un meeting aérien, une fête locale ou un salon. Jean-Yves Valor faisait la sensation dans l&rsquo;ouest de la France en exposant une magnifique réplique du Blériot XI. Il avait pris soin de suivre chaque détail du modèle du Blériot XI qui avait traversé la Manche le 25 juillet 1909. Jean-Yves m&rsquo;avait touché avec une lettre pour organiser sa venue à Chargé lors d&rsquo;<a href="/2016/11/13/maxime-lenoir-celebre/">une commémoration</a>&nbsp;en l&rsquo;honneur de Maxime Lenoir puis à la la base aérienne 705 de Tours. On pouvait y sentir toute la passion d&rsquo;un homme pour ces merveilleux fous volants dans leurs drôles de machines. J&rsquo;avais revu Fabrice Defoulounoux, son compagnon d&rsquo;aventure lors du meeting de Saint-Junien. Hélas, Fabrice m&rsquo;a annoncé cette semaine que Jean-Yves s&rsquo;en est allé. Il nous a quittés dans la nuit de dimanche à lundi (12/13 février 2023). Il nous aura fait rêver. C&rsquo;est un peu grâce à lui que l&rsquo;histoire de l&rsquo;aviation reprenait vie avec ce vestige d&rsquo;une épopée fabriqué de ses mains :</span></p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/20161110_185744l-1024x768.jpg" alt="Jean-Yves Valor, Blériot XI, 11, Chargé, Indre-et-Loire, 2016" class="wp-image-10882" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/20161110_185744l-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/20161110_185744l-300x225.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/20161110_185744l-768x576.jpg 768w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/20161110_185744l-100x75.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/20161110_185744l-150x113.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/20161110_185744l-200x150.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/20161110_185744l-450x338.jpg 450w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/20161110_185744l-600x450.jpg 600w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/20161110_185744l-900x675.jpg 900w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/20161110_185744l.jpg 1600w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Jean-Yves VALOR devant sa réplique du Blériot XI qui traversa la Manche le 25 juillet 1909 &#8211; Ici à Chargé, Indre-et-Loire, 2016</figcaption></figure>



<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Son Blériot XI était bien connu dans le centre-ouest de la France:</span></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><a href="https://www.lepopulaire.fr/oradour-sur-vayres-87150/actualites/jean-yves-valor-geometre-retraite-realise-la-replique-dun-avion-plus-que-centenaire_1756059/" class="broken_link" rel="nofollow">Le Populaire</a></li>



<li>Le <a href="http://calfeytiat.blogspot.com/2013/11/bleriot-xi-jean-yves-valor.html">Conservatoire Aéronautique du Limousin</a></li>



<li><a href="http://legendairenlimousin.blogspot.com/2014/08/bleriot-xi-jean-yves-valor.html">Légend&rsquo;Air en Limousin</a></li>



<li><a href="https://www.aerobuzz.fr/breves-culture-aero/une-saisissante-replique-de/">AéroBuzz</a></li>
</ul>



<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Enfin quelques photos en <a href="https://get.google.com/albumarchive/112409025617995647333/album/AF1QipMJgjAcBTpLpoM1ADl2heafWSdf2EEIpvUqiMbl#slideshow/5943999554912025858" class="broken_link" rel="nofollow">2013</a> et <a href="https://get.google.com/albumarchive/112409025617995647333/album/AF1QipNQ4s2y324-BSg0EZhEeV0R22cGRUA-xWKG8sBV" class="broken_link" rel="nofollow">2014</a> sur l&rsquo;oeuvre de ce géomètre génial qui nous aura épatés. Merci Jean-Yves pour tout ce que tu nous as apportés.</span></p>
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]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Gustave Whitehead a-t-il volé? Conférence à l&#8217;Aéro-Club de France</title>
		<link>https://airforces.fr/2020/04/20/gustave-whitehead-a-t-il-vole-conference-a-laero-club-de-france/</link>
					<comments>https://airforces.fr/2020/04/20/gustave-whitehead-a-t-il-vole-conference-a-laero-club-de-france/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Toni GIACOIA]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 19 Apr 2020 23:34:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[20th Century]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CONFÉRENCES]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[France]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Germany]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gustav WEISSKOPF]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gustave WHITEHEAD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[HISTOIRE DE L'AVIATION]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[LIVRES]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[OLD AIRCRAFT]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pioneers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[USA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aéro-Club de France]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gustav Weisskopf]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://fclanglais.fr/?p=7044</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Gustave Whitehead, le pionnier de l'aviation qui aurait volé avant les frères Wright. Conférence de Toni Giacoia à Paris, Aéro-Club de France.</p>
<div class="read-more"><a href="https://airforces.fr/2020/04/20/gustave-whitehead-a-t-il-vole-conference-a-laero-club-de-france/">Lire la suite <span class="screen-reader-text">Gustave Whitehead a-t-il volé? Conférence à l&#8217;Aéro-Club de France</span><span class="meta-nav"> &#8250;</span></a></div>
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<p>The post <a href="https://airforces.fr/2020/04/20/gustave-whitehead-a-t-il-vole-conference-a-laero-club-de-france/">Gustave Whitehead a-t-il volé? Conférence à l&rsquo;Aéro-Club de France</a> appeared first on <a href="https://airforces.fr">AVIATION ENGLISH</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p id="Français" class="has-large-font-size" style="text-align: justify;"><em>Same article on Gustave Whitehead in English &#8211; Click <a href="#English">here</a>, please.</em></p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Paris, Lundi 2 décembre 2019 à 18h20</h2>



<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;">C&rsquo;est la première fois que je me rends à l&rsquo;<a href="https://aeroclub.com/"><strong>Aéro-Club de France</strong></a>. La nuit vient de tomber et Paris brille de tous ses feux. Je peux voir, juste avant d&rsquo;arriver, l&rsquo;Arc de triomphe et la Tour Eiffel toute illuminée. L&rsquo;Aéro-Club de France a de quoi impressionner aussi avec son immense hélice ornant sa façade. Je découvre cet hôtel particulier dont l&rsquo;intérieur ressemble à un château. On sent tout de suite que ce site a en quelque sorte une âme. Ses cadres magnifiques témoignent d&rsquo;un riche passé aéronautique. L&rsquo;Aéro-Club de France est le temple de l&rsquo;aviation, du moins en France, et son histoire a vu passer les plus grands noms. Ader, Santos-Dumont, Deutsch et Archdeacon, Blériot, Garros, Bréguet, Lindbergh, Mermoz, Dassault, Maunoury, pour ne citer qu&rsquo;eux. Car il faudrait ajouter les spationautes et astronautes et tant d&rsquo;autres grandes figures de l&rsquo;aéronautique et de l&rsquo;espace. C&rsquo;est un lieu mythique pour les aviateurs et passionnés d&rsquo;aéronautique et d&rsquo;espace. Je teste le projecteur et les courts extraits que je vais passer notamment du film sur <strong>Gustave Whitehead</strong> <a href="https://www.artemisfilms.com/productions/who-flew-first-challenging-the-wright-brothers/" class="broken_link" rel="nofollow"><strong><em>Who flew first</em></strong></a> et des archives du <a href="https://www.weisskopf.de/"><strong>FFGW</strong></a>. Je tiens à remercier chaleureusement le réalisateur <a href="https://www.tilmanremme.com/tilmanremme-com/filmography/"><strong>Tilman Remme</strong></a> et la productrice <strong>Karen Williams</strong> de <a href="https://www.artemisfilms.com/" class="broken_link" rel="nofollow"><strong>Artemis Media</strong></a> en Australie à Perth, qui m&rsquo;ont autorisé, par l&rsquo;intervention de <a href="https://www.firstflight1901.com/about1901.html"><strong>Karl Heigold</strong></a> (depuis la Bavière), à projeter ces extraits (bande annonce ci-dessous). Un grand merci également au <a href="https://www.weisskopf.de/"><strong>FFGW</strong></a> pour leur aide.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
<iframe loading="lazy" title="Who Flew First: Challenging the Wright Brothers" width="1140" height="641" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/mbpIvaFWmv4?start=67&#038;feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>
</div><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Extraits du film <em><a href="https://www.artemisfilms.com/productions/who-flew-first-challenging-the-wright-brothers/" class="broken_link" rel="nofollow">Who flew first</a></em> de <a href="https://www.tilmanremme.com/tilmanremme-com/filmography/">Tilman Remme</a> et Karen Williams &#8211; <a href="https://www.artemisfilms.com/" class="broken_link" rel="nofollow">Artemis Media</a></figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Conférence Gustave Whitehead &#8211; 19h30</h2>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-full"><a href="http://aeroclub.com/les-salons/#4-salons"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="560" height="747" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/2019-decembre-02-aero-club-de-france.jpg" alt="Hall Aéro-Club de France sapin de Noël Toni Giacoia" class="wp-image-12125" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/2019-decembre-02-aero-club-de-france.jpg 560w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/2019-decembre-02-aero-club-de-france-225x300.jpg 225w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/2019-decembre-02-aero-club-de-france-100x133.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/2019-decembre-02-aero-club-de-france-150x200.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/2019-decembre-02-aero-club-de-france-200x267.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/2019-decembre-02-aero-club-de-france-300x400.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/2019-decembre-02-aero-club-de-france-450x600.jpg 450w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><em>Le hall de l&rsquo;<a href="https://aeroclub.com/de-1898-a-nos-jours/chronologie/">Aéro-Club de France</a> paré de ses décorations de Noël</em></figcaption></figure></div>


<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;">51 visiteurs sont dans la salle pour tenter de comprendre cette histoire surprenante de Gustave Whitehead, cet inventeur génial qui aurait volé avant les frères Wright. Soudain tout s&rsquo;accélère et Jean-Claude Bourdeaud&rsquo;hui me fait un briefing. Les choses sérieuses vont pouvoir commencer. Tout est prêt. La salle est pleine à craquer car il a fallu rajouter des chaises et je me fraye un chemin dans l&rsquo;allée centrale bien étroite tant il y a de monde. Jean-Claude me rejoint pour annoncer le début de la conférence. Il me demande pourquoi je suis autant passionné d&rsquo;aviation. Je réponds que depuis tout petit je m&rsquo;émerveille à regarder des avions évoluer dans l&rsquo;air. C&rsquo;est le cœur qui parle et je crois que c&rsquo;est toujours ce que je ressens aujourd&rsquo;hui. La conférence peut commencer.</p>



<h2>Deux pionniers de l&rsquo;aviation épatants mais peu connus</h2>



<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;">Nous commençons par un prélude un peu hors sujet mais ô combien important. Il s&rsquo;agit de sensibiliser l&rsquo;assistance à des découvertes récentes que deux de mes amis ont faites. Le but de ce prélude est qu&rsquo;on puisse les contacter plus facilement pour approfondir les recherches. <strong>Raymond Piccoli</strong>, un expert spécialisé dans la formation et les effets de la foudre, qui dirige le <a href="https://www.labofoudre.com/"><em>Laboratoire de la foudre</em></a>, a découvert dans les archives familiales des plans de toute beauté d&rsquo;une merveille de brevet. Il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;un <strong>hydroaéroplane</strong> mixte de <strong>Charles Marcois</strong> équipé d&rsquo;un train d&rsquo;atterrissage. Ce train est très spécial car il comporte un flotteur et des roues, mais surtout il est rétractable. Le brevet datant de 1912, ce ne serait pas le premier train rétractable car le Français <strong>Penaud</strong> en avait dessiné un en 1876, quant à l&rsquo;Allemand <strong>Wiencziers</strong>, il en avait produit un dès 1911. La même année, l&rsquo;Américain <strong>Glenn Curtiss</strong> avait fait un train d&rsquo;atterrissage rétractable. Les plans du Français Charles Marcois sont d&rsquo;une grande finesse, tracés sur un papier blanc superbe, d&rsquo;un aspect textile, et gaufré pour le sceau du brevet ratifié à Bruxelles. Ce système mixte est si particulier qu&rsquo;il pourrait en soi être une première mondiale. L&rsquo;assistance contemple les vues du Marcois mais personne n&rsquo;en avait entendu parler. Pendant ce temps-là, je fais passer dans les rangs des livres concernant le sujet de la conférence comme <a href="https://www.amazon.fr/Gustave-Whitehead-Flight-Susan-Brinchman/dp/0692439307/"><em><strong>Gustave Whitehead: First in flight</strong></em></a> de <a href="http://gustavewhitehead.info/gustave-whitehead-first-in-flight/"><strong>Susan O&rsquo;Dwyer Brinchman, M.Ed</strong></a>, <a href="https://www.amazon.fr/History-contract-beginning-motorized-Whitehead/dp/B0006E636K/" class="broken_link" rel="nofollow"><em><strong>History by contract</strong></em></a> de <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221105054512/http://www.fairfieldhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/ODwyer-Gustav-Whitehead-Research-Collection-Ms-B107.pdf"><strong>William J. O&rsquo;Dwyer</strong></a> et <strong>Stella Randolph</strong>, <a href="https://www.amazon.fr/Mes-10000-cerfs-volants-Lordre-jour/dp/B0014NZGG0/"><em><strong>Mes 10 000 cerfs-volants</strong></em></a> de <strong>Gabriel Voisin</strong>, et enfin <a href="https://www.amazon.fr/Autre-Histoire-lAviation-lIndre-Loire/dp/1541120019"><em><strong>Une autre histoire de l&rsquo;aviation</strong></em></a>. Je projette ensuite quelques documents trouvés par <strong>Patrick Saletes</strong> de l&rsquo;<a href="https://ateliermalicot.wixsite.com/ateliermalicot">Atelier Malicot</a> à Sablé-sur-Sarthe. Il s&rsquo;agit de clichés de vieux documents des inventions du pionnier de l&rsquo;aviation <strong>Marcel Leyat</strong>. Il était plus connu pour son <em>Hélica</em>, une automobile propulsée par hélice et exposée au CNAM. Sa production dans l&rsquo;aéronautique était aussi riche qu&rsquo;étonnante avec entre autres un aéroplane « incapotable » et les plans d&rsquo;un bombardier d&rsquo;avant-garde. Pour ceux qui le souhaitent, vous pouvez me joindre sur la page <a href="/contact/">contact</a> pour que je puisse vous mettre en relation avec ces collectionneurs.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-4 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex">
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="502" height="650" data-id="12121" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/une-autre-histoire-de-l-aviation-.jpg" alt="Gustave Whitehead Gustav Weisskopf Livre book Buch une autre histoire de l'aviation toni giacoia aéro-club de france" class="wp-image-12121" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/une-autre-histoire-de-l-aviation-.jpg 502w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/une-autre-histoire-de-l-aviation--232x300.jpg 232w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/une-autre-histoire-de-l-aviation--100x129.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/une-autre-histoire-de-l-aviation--150x194.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/une-autre-histoire-de-l-aviation--200x259.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/une-autre-histoire-de-l-aviation--300x388.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/une-autre-histoire-de-l-aviation--450x583.jpg 450w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 502px) 100vw, 502px" /></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="447" height="650" data-id="12120" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/history-by-contract-.jpg" alt="Gustave Whitehead Gustav Weisskopf Livre book Buch history by contract William O'Dwyer Stella Randolph" class="wp-image-12120" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/history-by-contract-.jpg 447w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/history-by-contract--206x300.jpg 206w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/history-by-contract--100x145.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/history-by-contract--150x218.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/history-by-contract--200x291.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/history-by-contract--300x436.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 447px) 100vw, 447px" /></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="526" height="650" data-id="12119" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/gustave-whitehead-first-in-flight-.jpg" alt="Gustave Whitehead first in flight Susan Brinchman Gustav Weisskopf Livre book Buch" class="wp-image-12119" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/gustave-whitehead-first-in-flight-.jpg 526w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/gustave-whitehead-first-in-flight--243x300.jpg 243w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/gustave-whitehead-first-in-flight--100x124.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/gustave-whitehead-first-in-flight--150x185.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/gustave-whitehead-first-in-flight--200x247.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/gustave-whitehead-first-in-flight--300x371.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/gustave-whitehead-first-in-flight--450x556.jpg 450w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 526px) 100vw, 526px" /></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="470" height="685" data-id="12128" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Gabriel-Voisin.jpg" alt="Livre Gabriel Voisin Mes 10000 cerfs-volants book" class="wp-image-12128" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Gabriel-Voisin.jpg 470w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Gabriel-Voisin-206x300.jpg 206w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Gabriel-Voisin-100x146.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Gabriel-Voisin-150x219.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Gabriel-Voisin-200x291.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Gabriel-Voisin-300x437.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Gabriel-Voisin-450x656.jpg 450w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 470px) 100vw, 470px" /></figure>
</figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Gustave Whitehead et ses « Trois mousquetaires »</h2>



<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;">Comme vous le savez, <em>Les trois mousquetaires</em> étaient en fait quatre. Justement, nous sommes quatre passionnés qui échangeons depuis quelques années au-delà des frontières pour faire reconnaître le cas de Gustave Whitehead.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignleft size-full"><a href="https://gustavewhitehead.info/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="498" height="608" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Susan-Brinchman.png" alt="Susan Brinchman Master of Education Author Searcher Gustave Whitehead Firts in Flight O'Dwyer Gustav Weisskopf" class="wp-image-12117" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Susan-Brinchman.png 498w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Susan-Brinchman-246x300.png 246w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Susan-Brinchman-100x122.png 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Susan-Brinchman-150x183.png 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Susan-Brinchman-200x244.png 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Susan-Brinchman-300x366.png 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Susan-Brinchman-450x549.png 450w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 498px) 100vw, 498px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><em><a href="http://gustavewhitehead.info/gustave-whitehead-first-in-flight/">Susan O&rsquo;Dwyer Brinchman, M. Ed</a> &#8211; <a href="https://gustavewhitehead.info/">gustavewhitehead.info</a></em></figcaption></figure></div>


<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://gustavewhitehead.info/category/first-flight-faqs/"><strong>Susan Brinchman</strong></a>, ou plus précisément Susan O&rsquo;Dwyer Brinchman, M. Ed, est la plus expérimentée d&rsquo;entre nous dès qu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;agit de retrouver la trace des évènements concernant <strong>Gustave Whitehead</strong>. Elle cherche et enquête depuis 1963 sur l&rsquo;énigme du relatif anonymat de Gustave Whitehead. Elle est la dernière personne vivante à avoir rencontré tous les témoins oculaires des vols de Whitehead. En fait, elle a longtemps accompagné son père <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221105054512/http://www.fairfieldhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/ODwyer-Gustav-Whitehead-Research-Collection-Ms-B107.pdf"><strong>William J. O&rsquo;Dwyer</strong></a> pendant ses recherches. Il était Commandant d&rsquo;active comme instructeur pilote puis dans la réserve de l&rsquo;USAF. Après avoir découvert des photos de Whitehead en 1963, il a réussi à découvrir le contrat signé entre le gouvernement américain, la Smithsonian Institution et les héritiers d&rsquo;Orville Wright. <a href="https://gustavewhitehead.info/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/SmithsonianContract1948-FULL.pdf"><strong>Ce contrat est toujours en vigueur et stipule que la Smithsonian ne devra reconnaître aucun autre vol d&rsquo;aérodyne motorisé, antérieur à celui des frères Wright le 17 décembre 1903</strong></a>. En échange, la Smithsonian a pu acquérir pour un dollar symbolique le Flyer 1. Avec son père, Susan Brinchman a découvert des centaines d&rsquo;articles. Son père a même légué six mètres de ses dossiers (soit 21 cartons!) sur Whitehead à un musée de Fairfield, Connecticut. C&rsquo;est dire l&rsquo;ampleur des découvertes sur ces 56 dernières années. Susan a publié <a href="https://www.amazon.fr/Gustave-Whitehead-Flight-Susan-Brinchman/dp/0692439307/"><em>Gustave Whitehead: First in Flight</em></a> en 2015. Il est en dédicace sur <a href="http://gustavewhitehead.info/gustave-whitehead-first-in-flight/">son site</a> qui rassemble une foule d&rsquo;informations sur Gustave Whitehead. Les analyses méticuleuses que Susan Brinchman a rédigées sur <a href="https://gustavewhitehead.info/">ce site</a>, ainsi que son expérience sur le sujet, en font la source la plus fiable au monde concernant <strong>Gustave Whitehead</strong> (<strong>Gustav Weisskopf</strong>). Sans <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221105054512/http://www.fairfieldhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/ODwyer-Gustav-Whitehead-Research-Collection-Ms-B107.pdf"><strong>les découvertes de la famille O&rsquo;Dwyer Brinchman</strong></a>, nous ne saurions que ce que Stella Randolph nous a laissé dans ses livres.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://www.aero-expo.com/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="860" height="800" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Karl-Heigold.png" alt="Karl Heigold Aero Friedrichshafen Gustav weisskopf Gustave Whitehead FFGW Leutershausen Museum Musée Nummer 21 B Number numéro" class="wp-image-12115" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Karl-Heigold.png 860w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Karl-Heigold-300x279.png 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Karl-Heigold-768x714.png 768w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Karl-Heigold-100x93.png 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Karl-Heigold-150x140.png 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Karl-Heigold-200x186.png 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Karl-Heigold-450x419.png 450w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Karl-Heigold-600x558.png 600w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 860px) 100vw, 860px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><em><a href="https://www.firstflight1901.com/about1901.html">Karl HEIGOLD</a> and Gustav Weisskopf Nummer 21 B &#8211; <a href="https://www.aero-expo.com/">AERO Friedrichshafen</a></em></figcaption></figure>



<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://www.firstflight1901.com/about1901.html"><strong>Karl Heigold</strong></a> est un atout capital pour notre équipe car il est chargé du développement au <strong>FFGW</strong> (<a href="https://www.weisskopf.de/">Flughistorische Forschungsgemeinschaft Gustav Weisskopf</a> &#8211; la société de recherche sur les vols de <strong>Gustav Weisskopf</strong>, Gustave Whitehead.) Il a longtemps été pilote. Il a travaillé 20 ans au Canada et parle parfaitement anglais. Il est au courant de tout ce qui se passe concernant Weisskopf (Whitehead) en Allemagne car il est sur place au <a href="https://www.weisskopf.de/seite/260886/deutsches-flugpionier-museum.html">musée de Leutershausen</a>. Il est l&rsquo;unique germanophone de notre équipe. Comme Gustave Whitehead (Gustav Weisskopf) était Allemand, Karl nous est d&rsquo;un grand secours. Ses conseils sont toujours très bien avisés. Si nous n&rsquo;avions pas son point de vue, nous passerions à côté de nombreuses subtilités de l&rsquo;histoire de Gustave Whitehead.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-full"><a href="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Charles-Lautier.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="924" height="991" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Charles-Lautier.png" alt="Searcher Charles Lautier Gustave Whitehead 1901 Number 21 T-shirt Gustav Weisskopf Connecticut" class="wp-image-12114" style="width:609px;height:auto" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Charles-Lautier.png 924w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Charles-Lautier-280x300.png 280w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Charles-Lautier-768x824.png 768w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Charles-Lautier-100x107.png 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Charles-Lautier-150x161.png 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Charles-Lautier-200x215.png 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Charles-Lautier-300x322.png 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Charles-Lautier-450x483.png 450w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Charles-Lautier-600x644.png 600w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Charles-Lautier-900x965.png 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 924px) 100vw, 924px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><em>Charles Lautier arborant le T-shirt Whitehead 1901 &#8211; Connecticut</em></figcaption></figure></div>


<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;">En ce moment, c&rsquo;est <strong>Charles Lautier</strong> qui est notre plus précieux chercheur. Il a trouvé plus de 60 articles concernant Gustave Whitehead depuis 2014. Il est le seul de notre équipe à être sur place dans le <strong>Connecticut</strong> car il vit près de <strong>Bridgeport</strong> et <strong>Fairfield</strong>. Ces lieux furent ceux où on recense la plupart des activités aéronautiques de Gustave Whitehead. Charles a de solides connaissances sur l&rsquo;histoire de l&rsquo;aviation car il a grandi près de la base de Biggin Hill. Il a aussi été ingénieur motoriste chez AVCO Lycoming. Ses recherches et son expérience font que ses observations sont toujours pertinentes.</p>



<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;">Enfin je me présente et j&rsquo;indique que la France semble donner des pistes intéressantes, menant vers l&rsquo;inventeur Whitehead. J&rsquo;insiste sur le fait que sans mes trois amis, je n&rsquo;aurais certainement pas pu comprendre l&rsquo;histoire de Gustave Whitehad qui est on ne peut plus complexe. Nous avons échangé des centaines d&#8217;emails sur le cas de Gustave Whitehead. Nous avons échangé peut-être davantage de documents, venant surtout de Susan Brinchman et plus récemment de Charles Lautier et Karl Heigold. Nous n&rsquo;avons pas encore tous étudié la totalité des documents tant il y en a. Nous avons pensé démarrer une association ou une fondation mais notre statut libre de toute contrainte nous sied à merveilles, pour l&rsquo;instant. Il y a quelques autres contributeurs dont je vais parler ensuite. Je remercie sincèrement <a href="https://www.amazon.fr/stores/Jean-Yves-Lorant/author/B004MZR2XC"><strong>Jean-Yves Lorant</strong></a>, auteur de livres sur l&rsquo;histoire de l&rsquo;aviation allemande. Il m&rsquo;a fait connaître Gustave Whitehead lors de recherches au château de Vincennes début 2015.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image alignfull size-large"><a href="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Paris-Whitehead-AECF-2020-.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="576" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Paris-Whitehead-AECF-2020--1024x576.jpg" alt="Toni Giacoia conference Aeroclub de France Gustav Weisskopf Gustave Whitehead Dagmar Stonus Frankonzept GbR Institut Mermoz APA Training FCL Anglais" class="wp-image-12285" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Paris-Whitehead-AECF-2020--1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Paris-Whitehead-AECF-2020--300x169.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Paris-Whitehead-AECF-2020--768x432.jpg 768w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Paris-Whitehead-AECF-2020--1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Paris-Whitehead-AECF-2020--100x56.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Paris-Whitehead-AECF-2020--150x84.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Paris-Whitehead-AECF-2020--200x113.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Paris-Whitehead-AECF-2020--450x253.jpg 450w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Paris-Whitehead-AECF-2020--600x338.jpg 600w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Paris-Whitehead-AECF-2020--900x506.jpg 900w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Paris-Whitehead-AECF-2020-.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><em>Introduction de la conférence sur Gustave Whitehead à l&rsquo;Aéro-Club de France le lundi 2 décembre 2019</em></figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Gustave Whitehead &#8211; Une enfance malheureuse suivie d&rsquo;un destin fabuleux</h2>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignleft size-full"><a href="http://pr.heigold.net/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1200" height="1919" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Gustave-Whitehead-portrait.jpg" alt="FFGW Gustav Weisskopf portrait Karl Heigold Gustave Whitehead" class="wp-image-12110" style="width:648px;height:auto" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Gustave-Whitehead-portrait.jpg 1200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Gustave-Whitehead-portrait-188x300.jpg 188w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Gustave-Whitehead-portrait-640x1024.jpg 640w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Gustave-Whitehead-portrait-768x1228.jpg 768w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Gustave-Whitehead-portrait-961x1536.jpg 961w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Gustave-Whitehead-portrait-100x160.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Gustave-Whitehead-portrait-150x240.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Gustave-Whitehead-portrait-200x320.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Gustave-Whitehead-portrait-300x480.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Gustave-Whitehead-portrait-450x720.jpg 450w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Gustave-Whitehead-portrait-600x960.jpg 600w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Gustave-Whitehead-portrait-900x1439.jpg 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><em>Gustav Weisskopf &#8211; Gustave Whitehead, thanks to FFGW &amp; <a href="https://www.firstflight1901.com/about1901.html">Karl Heigold</a> &#8211; <a href="https://www.weisskopf.de/">www.weisskopf.de</a></em></figcaption></figure></div>


<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;">Pour bien comprendre le destin de Gustave Whitehead, il faut remonter à son enfance. Il voit le jour le premier janvier 1874 à Leutershausen en Bavière du nord, en Franconie.</p>
<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;">Tout petit il s&rsquo;intéresse au vol des oiseaux. Il arrive même à convaincre sa grand-mère de lui confectionner une sorte de combinaison volante (wingsuit) pour tenter un hypothétique vol humain. En octobre 1886, le petit Gustav a 12 ans. Sa mère vient d&rsquo;accoucher d&rsquo;un sixième enfant. Cela s&rsquo;est mal passé. Elle décède dans les bras de son fils Gustav. La tragédie tourne au cauchemar lorsque quatre mois plus tard, en février 1887, son père s&rsquo;éteint suite à une affection pulmonaire. Gustav a 13 ans. On peut imaginer la douleur atroce, écrasante, de ces lourdes pertes pour l&rsquo;adolescent. Il part presque aussitôt travailler dans les usines du fameux Rudolph Diesel à Augsbourg. Très vite, Gustav veut tout apprendre des moteurs. L&rsquo;alimentation, le refroidissement, les carburants, les alliages, les mécanismes et les pannes. Il montre une assiduité exceptionnelle au travail. C&rsquo;est une constante qu&rsquo;il gardera tout au long de sa vie. Il deviendra un homme, un ouvrier, un inventeur, un pionnier, qui travaillera nuit et jour, comme pour expurger l&rsquo;horreur de son destin familial si tragique. (Merci pour la photo de Gustav Weisskopf grâce au FFGW et Karl Heigold <a href="https://www.weisskopf.de">www.weisskopf.de</a>)</p>
<center><iframe loading="lazy" style="border: 0;" src="https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d83263.17021906104!2d10.334518723856558!3d49.29583433798056!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x479895f987491d59%3A0x41eda32beb5f500!2s91578%20Leutershausen%2C%20Allemagne!5e0!3m2!1sfr!2sfr!4v1577058266334!5m2!1sfr!2sfr" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" width="400" height="300" frameborder="0"></iframe></center>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Au bon endroit, au bon moment</h2>



<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;">Pendant la conférence, j&rsquo;insiste sur le fait que les relations de <strong>Gustave Whitehead</strong> ont certainement beaucoup joué dans son œuvre. Que cela soit par le fruit du hasard ou de sa propre volonté, <strong>Whitehead</strong> va faire des rencontres déterminantes tout au long de son existence, du moins jusqu&rsquo;à 1901. De même, il va se trouver dans des endroits propices à l&rsquo;innovation aéronautique. En fait, les meilleurs endroits possibles. D&rsquo;abord apprenti chez Diesel, il va apprendre la technologie des moteurs et de la métallurgie. Marin, il va pouvoir observer l&rsquo;effet du vent, et les oiseaux voiliers (qui n&rsquo;ont pas toujours besoin de battre des ailes pour voler.) Immigré allemand en Amérique dès la fin du XIXe siècle, il va se retrouver à Boston, où il va rencontrer les plus grands noms de l&rsquo;aéronautique. Il va même avoir la chance de travailler avec eux en entrant à la BAS (Boston Aeronautical Society). Il va rencontrer l&rsquo;Australien Hargrave dont les cerfs-volants sont à la pointe du progrès. En travaillant sur ses cerfs-volants à la BAS, il va recevoir les premiers enseignements du vol captif des plus lourds que l&rsquo;air. Chanute va jusqu&rsquo;à lui financer son premier projet de planeur. Octave Chanute qui est alors un des meilleurs ingénieurs aux États-Unis, sera stupéfait des progrès de Whitehead. Il rencontrera même Lilienthal avec lequel il va pouvoir apprendre de ses voilures et essais de vol plané. D&rsquo;autres grands noms comme Langley, Phillips et Maxim viennent à la même époque à Boston pour travailler avec la BAS. Il n&rsquo;est donc pas étonnant que Gustave Whitehead puisse réaliser ensuite autant d&rsquo;inventions volantes. Il a sans doute étudié les travaux de d&rsquo;Esterno et Mouillard en échangeant avec Octave Chanute qui partage volontiers son savoir immense. Bref, en cette fin de XIXe siècle, Gustave Whitehead a tous les ingrédients et toutes les conditions pour devenir un pionnier de l&rsquo;aviation.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><a href="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/2019-AECF-denys-karakaya-3b.jpeg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="578" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/2019-AECF-denys-karakaya-3b.jpeg" alt="Conference Gustave Whitehead Aero-Club de France 2019 Gustav Weisskopf Toni Giacoia" class="wp-image-12284" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/2019-AECF-denys-karakaya-3b.jpeg 1024w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/2019-AECF-denys-karakaya-3b-300x169.jpeg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/2019-AECF-denys-karakaya-3b-768x434.jpeg 768w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/2019-AECF-denys-karakaya-3b-100x56.jpeg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/2019-AECF-denys-karakaya-3b-150x85.jpeg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/2019-AECF-denys-karakaya-3b-200x113.jpeg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/2019-AECF-denys-karakaya-3b-450x254.jpeg 450w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/2019-AECF-denys-karakaya-3b-600x339.jpeg 600w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/2019-AECF-denys-karakaya-3b-900x508.jpeg 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><em>Étude aérodynamique des machines volantes de Gustave Whitehead à l&rsquo;<a href="https://aeroclub.com/de-1898-a-nos-jours/chronologie/">Aéro-Club de France</a></em></figcaption></figure></div>


<h2 class="wp-block-heading">De nombreux pionniers avant les Wright</h2>



<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;">Depuis deux ou trois décennies, l&rsquo;histoire de l&rsquo;aviation a tendance à vouloir tout gommer de ce qui a précédé décembre 1903. Or, d&rsquo;autres pionniers avaient déjà mené de nombreux travaux sur les aérodynes. Il est regrettable qu&rsquo;on oublie trop souvent ces valeureux aviateurs. J&rsquo;ai cité plusieurs noms mais j&rsquo;aurais pu en citer une vingtaine. Ces pionniers, inventeurs, casse-cous, avaient déjà découvert, ou dessiné, ou projeté, voire conçu, le gauchissement de l&rsquo;aile, ou les commandes de vol qui permettaient un vol contrôlé. Parmi eux le comte d&rsquo;Esterno qui avait très clairement observé, dès 1863 et même avant, l&rsquo;inclinaison des ailes qu&rsquo;il considère déterminante dans le virage. Penaud avait déjà projeté et dessiné des commandes de vol&#8230; électriques! (Non, vous ne rêvez pas!) L&rsquo;Américain Octave Chanute avait appris du Français Mouillard l&rsquo;importance du gauchissement de l&rsquo;aile. L&rsquo;Anglais Cayley aussi avait pratiquement tout énoncé du vol contrôlé. Pendant la conférence, <a href="https://profaxtonseven.wordpress.com/a-propos/"><strong>Dénys Karakaya</strong></a> mentionne fort à propos la différence de vitesse des moteurs imaginée par Ader pour diriger une machine volante. C&rsquo;est une technique que Whitehead affectait aussi aux virages. D&rsquo;une certaine façon, l&rsquo;histoire des débuts de l&rsquo;aviation est une source d&rsquo;inspiration pour les ingénieurs, voire pour les situations d&rsquo;urgence car on est amené à explorer les limites de l&rsquo;enveloppe de vol. Par exemple, le plan canard a refait son apparition dans les années 1980. Autre exemple, certains pilotes ont pu en dernier recours diriger leur appareil en ajustant les vitesses des moteurs. Comme quoi, il est possible de tourner en pivotant autour de l&rsquo;axe de lacet (bien sûr, ce n&rsquo;est pas ce que l&rsquo;on enseigne en école de pilotage, et heureusement). Pour preuve, Ferber prenait des virages en actionnant des volets latéraux en forme de triangle pour pivoter autour de l&rsquo;axe de lacet. Malheureusement, l&rsquo;assertion que les Wright auraient inventé l&rsquo;aviation a si souvent été brandie comme un point de repère, un étalon, que maintenant tout le monde l&rsquo;admet, oblitérant la partie sans doute la plus intéressante de l&rsquo;histoire de l&rsquo;aviation. On ne le dira jamais assez: il y a beaucoup d&rsquo;autres pionniers qui ont exploré les commandes de vol des plus-lourds-que-l&rsquo;air avant 1903.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Gustave Whitehead était un motoriste hors pair</h2>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-full"><a href="https://www.amazon.fr/Gustave-Whitehead-Flight-Susan-Brinchman/dp/0692439307/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="470" height="682" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Whitehead-Engine.jpg" alt="Gustave Whitehead engine cooling Gustav Weisskopf motor moteur refroidissement" class="wp-image-12131" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Whitehead-Engine.jpg 470w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Whitehead-Engine-207x300.jpg 207w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Whitehead-Engine-100x145.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Whitehead-Engine-150x218.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Whitehead-Engine-200x290.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Whitehead-Engine-300x435.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Whitehead-Engine-450x653.jpg 450w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 470px) 100vw, 470px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Gustave Whitehead et un moteur équipé de barbules de refroidissement &#8211; Thanks to Susan Brinchman, M. Ed</figcaption></figure></div>


<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;">Gustave Whitehead ne laisse rien au hasard. Comme le montrent les livres <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Gustave-Whitehead-Flight-Susan-Brinchman/dp/0692439307/"><em>Gustave Whitehead: First in flight</em></a> et <a href="https://www.amazon.com/History-contract-beginning-motorized-Whitehead/dp/B0006E636K/"><em>History by contract</em></a>, le pionnier de l&rsquo;aviation étudie avec soin les hélices disponibles de l&rsquo;époque. Il connaît les défauts et qualités de chacune. Avec tous ses contacts dans le monde de l&rsquo;aéronautique, il doit en savoir beaucoup sur les surfaces alaires et profils d&rsquo;ailes. Bien avant Léon Levavasseur, l&rsquo;atout majeur de Whitehead est son expertise dans l&rsquo;ingénierie des moteurs légers, si utiles pour les ballons dirigeables et autres machines volantes. Cela restera par la suite son point fort car Chanute lui-même recommanda les moteurs Whitehead aux frères Wright en juillet 1901, et des rapports confirment que les Wright ont rendu visite à Whitehead cette année-là. On trouve ensuite des traces de ses travaux dans des archives. Elles indiquent régulièrement que les moteurs Whitehead sont recherchés des aéronautes et pionniers de l&rsquo;aviation. Comme le dit Susan Brinchman, M. Ed, à propos de ses moteurs, Charles Wittemann, pionnier éminent des débuts de l&rsquo;aviation, a acheté des moteurs Whitehead pour ses aéroplanes et, plus tard, a décrit Gustave Whitehead comme « un génie ». Je ne vais pas tous les énumérer ici, mais il est clair que Gustave Whitehead a sans doute été le meilleur en la matière pendant quelques années. Le public peut donc admirer les créations motoristes qui étonnent par leur diversité: moteurs à essence, moteurs à vapeur, moteurs à kérosène, moteurs à poudre, moteurs à acétylène (très puissants mais dangereux), moteurs diesel. Enfin, il aurait même mis au point des moteurs avec des mélanges dont lui seul aurait le secret. Whitehead connaît toutes sortes de techniques pour le refroidissement. Aussi, il choisit avec grand soin les fonderies auxquelles il adresse ses commandes. Il veut les meilleurs alliages pour le meilleur emploi. On relève parfois dans les archives un étrange moteur à « air liquide » aussi. Bref, sur une période de quelques années, étant donné les performances et les poids de certains de ses moteurs, Whitehead a peut-être bien été le meilleur motoriste au monde en ce qui concerne les moteurs d&rsquo;avion.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="Paul">Paul Jackson confirme sa position sur Gustave Whitehead:</h2>



<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;">C&rsquo;est un moment fort de la soirée: suite à une correspondance avec <strong><a href="https://www.amazon.com/stores/paul-jackson/author/B001HPBUC4">Paul Jackson</a></strong>, <a href="https://www.aerosociety.com/membership-accreditation/joinupgrade/membership-grades/fellow/"><strong>Fellow FRAeS</strong></a> (le plus haut grade de la <a href="https://www.aerosociety.com/"><strong>Royal Aeronautical Society</strong></a>), le rédacteur en chef de <em><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Janes-All-Worlds-Aircraft-Development/dp/0710634234/"><strong>Jane&rsquo;s all the world&rsquo;s aircraft</strong></a></em> (<em>JAWA</em>), je communique au public la position de cet expert réputé de l&rsquo;histoire de l&rsquo;aéronautique. Elle est claire et précise. Paul Jackson confirme et soutient que Gustave Whitehead fut vraisemblablement le premier à avoir accompli un vol contrôlé sur aérodyne. Il souligne même que <u>son opinion sur Whitehead n&rsquo;a fait que se renforcer depuis 2013</u>. C&rsquo;est une annonce importante car certains médias interprètent parfois ses propos comme <a href="http://gustavewhitehead.info/janes-recognition-of-gustave-whitehead/">une sorte de désaveu</a>, mais cette récente confirmation prouve qu&rsquo;il n&rsquo;en est rien. Cela va à l&rsquo;encontre de ce qui est généralement admis, mais <em>Jane&rsquo;s</em> est une institution centenaire qui a bâti sa réputation sur le sérieux de son travail. <em>Jane&rsquo;s</em> publie chaque année son encyclopédie renommée puisqu&rsquo;elle reste la référence mondiale en la matière. L&rsquo;institution <em>Smithsonian</em> n&rsquo;est pas de cet avis, mais cela ne change rien. La position ferme de Paul Jackson est suffisamment sérieuse pour retenir l&rsquo;attention.</p>
<p>Boutique en ligne: <strong>Jane&rsquo;s All The Workd&rsquo;s Aircraft.</strong></p>



<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
<iframe loading="lazy" title="Interview with Paul Jackson - Editor of Jane&#039;s All the World&#039;s Aircraft" width="1140" height="641" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/YH9UDw3ioug?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>
</div><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Interview avec <a href="https://www.amazon.com/stores/paul-jackson/author/B001HPBUC4">Paul Jackson</a> &#8211; Rédacteur en chef de <em><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Janes-All-Worlds-Aircraft-Development/dp/0710634234/">Jane&rsquo;s All the World&rsquo;s Aircraft</a></em></figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="contrat">L&rsquo;affaire Whitehead-Wright, un volcan en sommeil:</h2>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="950" height="785" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/ODwyer-Randolph-desterno-1974.jpg" alt="Leutershausen Mayor Burgmeister Dieter Gundel Stella Randolph William J O'Dwyer d'Esterno Gustave Whitehead Gustav Weisskopf" class="wp-image-13625" style="width:611px;height:auto" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/ODwyer-Randolph-desterno-1974.jpg 950w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/ODwyer-Randolph-desterno-1974-300x248.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/ODwyer-Randolph-desterno-1974-768x635.jpg 768w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/ODwyer-Randolph-desterno-1974-100x83.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/ODwyer-Randolph-desterno-1974-150x124.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/ODwyer-Randolph-desterno-1974-200x165.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/ODwyer-Randolph-desterno-1974-450x372.jpg 450w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/ODwyer-Randolph-desterno-1974-600x496.jpg 600w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/ODwyer-Randolph-desterno-1974-900x744.jpg 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 950px) 100vw, 950px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><em>Leutershausen Mayor Dieter Gundel, Stella Randolph and William J O&rsquo;Dwyer about d&rsquo;Esterno sketch which may have inspired Gustave Whitehead &#8211; Susan O&rsquo;Dwyer Brinchman, M. Ed courtesy, O&rsquo;Dwyer family archives</em></figcaption></figure></div>


<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;">C&rsquo;est surtout vers la fin de la conférence que je démontre vraiment tout le talent de Gustave Whitehead. Grâce à des images et des parties de texte des livres <a href="https://www.amazon.fr/Gustave-Whitehead-Flight-Brinchman-2015-05-28/dp/B01K3LAS3E/">Gustave Whitehead: First in flight</a> de Susan Brinchman, M. Ed, et de son père le Commandant <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221105054512/http://www.fairfieldhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/ODwyer-Gustav-Whitehead-Research-Collection-Ms-B107.pdf">William J. O&rsquo;Dwyer</a>, co-auteur avec Stella Randolph de <a href="https://www.amazon.fr/History-contract-beginning-motorized-Whitehead/dp/B0006E636K/" class="broken_link" rel="nofollow">History by contract</a>. Je ne m&rsquo;appesantis pas trop sur tous les conflits qui jalonnent l&rsquo;histoire de Whitehead car il aurait fallu rajouter deux heures. Toutefois, je ne peux pas faire l&rsquo;impasse, sur son sponsor Linde, calamiteux, et sur cette fameuse affaire du contrat <em>Wright-Smithsonian</em> précédemment évoquée dans le paragraphe consacré à Susan Brinchman. William O&rsquo;Dwyer a prouvé grâce à l&rsquo;aide du Sénateur de l&rsquo;État du Connecticut <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowell_Weicker"><strong>Lowell Weicker</strong></a> qu&rsquo;il y a bien un contrat qui déforme objectivement la réalité historique du premier vol humain sur aérodyne.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><a href="https://gustavewhitehead.info/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/SmithsonianContract1948-FULL.pdf"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="704" height="305" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/wright-wmithsonian-contract.gif" alt="Wright Smithsonian contract agreement first in flight 1948 1976 O'Dwyer Lowell Weicker" class="wp-image-12173"/></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><em>1948 Wright-Smithsonian document</em></figcaption></figure></div>


<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;">Voici ce qu&rsquo;on peut trouver dans un des paragraphes <a href="https://gustavewhitehead.info/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/SmithsonianContract1948-FULL.pdf">de ce contrat.</a> Lisez bien la traduction ci-dessous, c&rsquo;est édifiant:</p>
<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://gustavewhitehead.info/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/SmithsonianContract1948-FULL.pdf"><em>La Smithsonian Institution ou ses successeurs, ou tout musée ou autre agence, bureau ou installations administrés par la Smithsonian Institution ou ses successeurs pour les États-Unis d&rsquo;Amérique, <strong>ne publieront ou ne permettront que l&rsquo;on déclare ou que l&rsquo;on affiche quoi que ce soit ayant rapport avec un avion, un modèle ou un dessin d&rsquo;une date antérieure à l&rsquo;Aéroplane Wright de 1903</strong>, revendiquant d&rsquo;avoir effectué un vol contrôlé et motorisé en transportant un homme.</em></a></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><a href="https://www.anciens-aerodromes.com/?p=34952" class="broken_link" rel="nofollow"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2088" height="1590" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Film-Carlier-Gustave-Whitehead.jpg" alt="Gustav Weisskopf Gustave Whitehead numéro 21 condor aéroplane Alfred Carlier France anciens aérodromes 2A français USA septembre 1901" class="wp-image-12113" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Film-Carlier-Gustave-Whitehead.jpg 2088w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Film-Carlier-Gustave-Whitehead-300x228.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Film-Carlier-Gustave-Whitehead-1024x780.jpg 1024w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Film-Carlier-Gustave-Whitehead-768x585.jpg 768w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Film-Carlier-Gustave-Whitehead-1536x1170.jpg 1536w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Film-Carlier-Gustave-Whitehead-2048x1560.jpg 2048w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Film-Carlier-Gustave-Whitehead-100x76.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Film-Carlier-Gustave-Whitehead-150x114.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Film-Carlier-Gustave-Whitehead-200x152.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Film-Carlier-Gustave-Whitehead-450x343.jpg 450w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Film-Carlier-Gustave-Whitehead-600x457.jpg 600w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Film-Carlier-Gustave-Whitehead-900x685.jpg 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2088px) 100vw, 2088px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><em>Vue du N°21 Condor de Gustave Whitehead, découverte en France par l&rsquo;association Anciens Aérodromes (2A) grâce à Jean-Luc Charles, parmi les films d&rsquo;Alfred Carlier</em>.</figcaption></figure></div>


<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;">C&rsquo;est en silence et avec stupéfaction que l&rsquo;assistance découvre ce texte qui a de quoi laisser incrédule. C&rsquo;est une chose inimaginable que l&rsquo;histoire puisse s&rsquo;écrire sous contrat, surtout de cette façon. J&rsquo;ajoute alors que <a href="https://gustavewhitehead.info/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/SmithsonianContract1948-FULL.pdf">ce contrat reste public</a> depuis l&rsquo;intervention en 1976 du <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowell_Weicker">Sénateur de l&rsquo;État du Connecticut <strong>Lowell Weicker</strong></a> et du <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221105054512/http://www.fairfieldhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/ODwyer-Gustav-Whitehead-Research-Collection-Ms-B107.pdf">Commandant <strong>William J. O&rsquo;Dwyer</strong></a> grâce à la <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_Information_Act_(United_States)">loi américaine pour la liberté d&rsquo;information</a>. Ce n&rsquo;est pas le seul texte qui a de quoi surprendre. En effet, je présente ensuite la teneur d&rsquo;un communiqué du service d&rsquo;information de l&rsquo;ambassade des États-Unis en Allemagne en 1983. D&rsquo;après le texte, on comprend clairement que l&rsquo;ambassade des États-Unis reconnaissait la primauté du vol à Gustav Weisskopf. Mais s&rsquo;il n&rsquo;y avait que cela! Le <em>Readers Digest</em>, un des plus gros tirages dans le monde évoque aussi cette grande première de Gustave Whitehead dans un numéro publié en juillet 1945. C&rsquo;est à la suite de cet article qu&rsquo;Orville Wright rédige un pamphlet visant à décridibiliser l’œuvre de Gustave Whitehead. <em>Jane&rsquo;s All the World&rsquo;s Aircraft</em> publiera plus tard la position de Paul Jackson sur ce sujet, en 2013. Ce sera un tremblement de terre dans la communauté des historiens car plusieurs grands médias évoquent ensuite cette redécouverte. Je dois dire après avoir lu et regardé, tous ces articles et vidéos, que les journalistes ont fait leur travail en toute impartialité. Peut-être que les spectateurs de cette soirée à l&rsquo;Aéro-Club de France en sont toujours abasourdis. Toujours est-il que la Smithsonian continue de clamer la primauté du vol des frères Wright. Jusqu&rsquo;à quand? L&rsquo;histoire de Gustave Whitehead ressemble à un volcan jamais éteint qui entre parfois en éruption quand on s&rsquo;y attend le moins. Plus récemment, c&rsquo;est l&rsquo;association <a href="https://www.anciens-aerodromes.com/">Anciens Aérodromes (2A)</a> qui découvre dans de vieux films d&rsquo;Alfred Carlier une annonce assez intrigante publiée en France. Une image de l&rsquo;aéroplane Numéro 21 de Gustave Whitehead y figure en évoquant un vol effectué le 25 septembre 1901. Après avoir communiqué ces informations à mes amis, Susan Brinchman s&rsquo;est immédiatement rappelée de la foire d&rsquo;Atlantic City car la date correspond à peu près à la présence de Whitehead lors de cette grande exposition. Il est surprenant de lire que des journalistes français en savaient beaucoup sur Whitehead. Nous travaillons toujours sur ce sujet. Vous trouverez les informations détaillées <a href="https://www.anciens-aerodromes.com/?p=34952" class="broken_link" rel="nofollow">ici.</a></p>



<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
<iframe loading="lazy" title="Local man Gustav Whitehead credited as first to fly" width="1140" height="641" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/eIKLIRRMdk0?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>
</div><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Reportage sur Gustave Whitehead avec Susan del Bianco, la famille Kusterer et Andrew Kosch (photo ci-dessous)</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="Kosch">D&rsquo;après les calculs, Whitehead aurait bien volé!</h2>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignleft size-full"><a href="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Andy-Kosch.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1004" height="1004" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Andy-Kosch.jpg" alt="Andrew Kosch teacher professeur sciences gustave whitehead flight vol replica réplique number 21B Andy" class="wp-image-12178" style="width:667px;height:auto" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Andy-Kosch.jpg 1004w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Andy-Kosch-300x300.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Andy-Kosch-150x150.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Andy-Kosch-768x768.jpg 768w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Andy-Kosch-100x100.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Andy-Kosch-200x200.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Andy-Kosch-450x450.jpg 450w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Andy-Kosch-600x600.jpg 600w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Andy-Kosch-900x900.jpg 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1004px) 100vw, 1004px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><em><strong><a href="https://www.ctpost.com/printpromotion/article/Teacher-tries-to-re-enact-Whitehead-flight-6379545.php">Andrew Kosch</a></strong>, professeur de sciences, qui a volé plusieurs fois sur une des répliques du #21 de Gustave Whitehead dans le Connecticut</em></figcaption></figure></div>


<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;">Il fallait bien, en cette fin de conférence, apporter des arguments de poids pour convaincre. Charles, Karl et Susan sont à ce moment les seuls au courant. Je me lance alors dans une longue démonstration mathématique et physique concernant la navigabilité du Numéro 21 <em><strong>Condor</strong></em> de Whitehead. Je savais qu&rsquo;il y aurait plusieurs ingénieurs en aéronautique dans l&rsquo;assistance, des pilotes chevronnés, et je ne pouvais donc pas louper cet exercice. Je suis parti des éléments connus de la <strong>FFGW</strong>, grâce à <strong><a href="https://www.firstflight1901.com/about1901.html">Karl Heigold</a></strong>, concernant les répliques du <strong>Numéro 21</strong> qui ont vraiment volé. <strong>Susan Brinchman</strong> et <strong><a href="https://www.firstflight1901.com/about1901.html">Karl Heigold</a></strong> m&rsquo;avaient aussi fourni de nombreux éléments concernant les répliques ayant volé en Allemagne et aux États-unis. <strong>Charles Lautier</strong>, ancien motoriste, a apporté ses conseils aussi. Avec Susan, ils m&rsquo;ont donné tous les chiffres disponibles concernant le <strong>#21</strong> de Whitehead. Je dois remercier au passage <a href="https://www.ctpost.com/printpromotion/article/Teacher-tries-to-re-enact-Whitehead-flight-6379545.php"><strong>Andrew Kosch</strong></a> qui nous a fourni des précisions sur ses essais de vol réussis sur une réplique du Numéro 21. Il est en photo ci-contre. Ce professeur qui enseigne toujours la chimie et les sciences de la physiologie et de l&rsquo;anatomie pour des lycéens du Connecticut n&rsquo;a plus beaucoup de temps à nous accorder tant il travaille, et même en ligne pendant le confinement en raison de l&rsquo;épidémie du Covid-19. Néanmoins, il nous a donné de précieuses informations. Encore un grand merci à Andrew Kosch pour cela. Enfin, Karl Heigold a retrouvé tout un ensemble de chiffres plus précis sur les essais qui se sont produits en Allemagne. Ce fut un moment important car ces données ont permis de faire des calculs avec précision. En rassemblant tous ces éléments du puzzle, j&rsquo;ai pu constituer une base pour me lancer dans un problème mathématique, long mais relativement simple. Il s&rsquo;agissait de ne pas perdre le fil et je devais commenter et faire des rappels sur les éléments et formules énoncées. Au résultat, j&rsquo;ai pu démontrer à l&rsquo;assistance que le Numéro 21 de Gustave Whitehead avait très probablement volé, en tout cas les chiffres que nous avons de la structure le montrent après ces calculs. Sachant que le point fort de Whitehead était la motorisation des aéronefs, le doute n&rsquo;a plus beaucoup de place dans cette démonstration. Je ne sais pas si Whitehead a volé car je n&rsquo;étais pas né et ne l&rsquo;ai pas vu de mes propres yeux. Cependant, la démonstration que je développe tient la route car je vois les personnes présentes qui acquiescent sur le raisonnement. Je souligne d&rsquo;autre part que si le vol du Flyer des Wright n&rsquo;était pas totalement impossible selon mes calculs, il avait des capacités de navigabilité aériennes très inférieures à celle du N° 21 de Whitehead. Chiffres à l&rsquo;appui! Le tableau ci-dessous tiré du livre <a href="https://www.fclanglais.fr/surprise-litteraire-pour-une-autre-histoire-de-laviation/"><em><strong>Une autre histoire de l&rsquo;aviation</strong></em></a> donne un aperçu de quelques éléments. La démonstration complète qui demande encore des développements complémentaires sera rendue publique cette année, avec l&rsquo;accord de notre équipe.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><a href="https://www.amazon.fr/Autre-Histoire-lAviation-lIndre-Loire/dp/1541120019"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="769" height="810" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Tableau-Comparatif.jpg" alt="Tableau comparatif livre une autre histoire de l'aviation Mojaisky Eole Ader Flugan Nyberg  Gustave Whitehead Gustav Weisskopf Motordraken Jatho Flyer Wright Vuia Drage Ellehammer Santos-Dumont REP Esnault-Pelterie Libellule Bleriot Voisin Farman Navigabilité caracteristiques specifications" class="wp-image-12257" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Tableau-Comparatif.jpg 769w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Tableau-Comparatif-285x300.jpg 285w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Tableau-Comparatif-100x105.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Tableau-Comparatif-150x158.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Tableau-Comparatif-200x211.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Tableau-Comparatif-300x316.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Tableau-Comparatif-450x474.jpg 450w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Tableau-Comparatif-600x632.jpg 600w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 769px) 100vw, 769px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Extrait du livre <em><a href="https://www.amazon.fr/Autre-Histoire-lAviation-lIndre-Loire/dp/1541120019">Une autre histoire de l&rsquo;aviation</a></em>, page 254</figcaption></figure></div>


<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Karl Jatho, lui aussi, aurait volé avant décembre 1903:</h2>



<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;">20h45, la conférence se termine après que je presse le pas tant j&rsquo;avais d&rsquo;informations à faire passer. J&rsquo;avais prévenu: avec Whitehead, je ne pouvais faire passer que peut-être 20% de toute son histoire dans une seule conférence! C&rsquo;est ensuite le temps des questions. Toutes intéressantes, une d&rsquo;entre elles retient tout particulièrement mon attention. <strong>Jean Molveau</strong> m&rsquo;interroge sur <strong>Jatho</strong>. Je ne comprends pas tout de suite ou je crois comprendre, car je croyais qu&rsquo;il parlait de JATO (les fusées utilisées comme appoint pour le décollage). En effet, le journaliste a très bien fait. Je l&rsquo;avais oublié cet autre Allemand! Il aurait vraisemblablement décollé plusieurs mois avant le premier vol du Flyer des Wright. Comme pour Gustav Weisskopf, les termes du contrat Wright-Smithsonian frappent également Karl Jatho d&rsquo;anonymat. Nous sommes en 2020 et ce n&rsquo;est plus acceptable. Si un professeur, ou un docteur ou un journaliste essaye un jour de vous vendre que Jatho était un charlot ou que Whitehead était un incapable, demandez-vous d&rsquo;abord si le locuteur a des liens avec la Smithsonian. Car si Jatho a fait des « bonds », il est tout de même difficile de nier qu&rsquo;il ait pu décoller. Une chose est certaine: toutes les archives s&rsquo;accordent à citer ces décollages à l&rsquo;été 1903. Quant à Whitehead, il y a tellement d&rsquo;arguments en sa faveur, une cinquantaine de témoins oculaires dont plusieurs sous serment, que ce n&rsquo;est plus qu&rsquo;une question de temps. De toute façon, la fable des frères Wright ne pourra pas durer indéfiniment. Il n&rsquo;y a qu&rsquo;à lire la position de Gabriel Voisin, un des plus grands constructeurs d&rsquo;aéroplanes au monde. Pour préparer le terrain de la conférence, j&rsquo;avais d&rsquo;abord fait passer dans les rangs son livre <a href="https://www.amazon.fr/Mes-10000-cerfs-volants-Lordre-jour/dp/B0014NZGG0/"><em>Mes 10 000 cerfs-volants</em></a> ouvert au chapitre XII auquel il a donné le titre « <em><strong>Un des plus grands bobards de l&rsquo;histoire de l&rsquo;aviation</strong></em>« , c&rsquo;est dire. Mais de quoi s&rsquo;agit-il? Il raconte, avec de nombreux arguments et témoignages, l&rsquo;histoire de la méprise sur les vols des frères Wright. Gabriel Voisin ne nie pas tout en bloc. Cependant il mesure avec justesse ces performances car il sait très bien de quoi il parle. Il qualifie ces aérodynes de planeurs qu&rsquo;on n&rsquo;aurait pas suffisamment motorisés. Qui plus est, ces planeurs motorisés ne peuvent décoller que par une catapulte! En citant ces témoignages, et les longues absences incompréhensibles des Wright, il en conclut que leurs appareils n&rsquo;étaient pas vraiment des aéroplanes. L&rsquo;auteur américain <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Wright-Story-Joe-Bullmer/dp/1439236208"><strong>Joe Bullmer</strong></a> démontre aussi que les fameuses photos du Flyer ne prouvent absolument rien de tangible. Jamais des commissaires n&rsquo;ont constaté ou validé les vols de 1903. A l&rsquo;inverse, des commissaires ont validé des vols d&rsquo;<a href="https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fmuseu14bis%2F"><strong>Alberto Santos-Dumont</strong></a> en 1906. Ils ont également validé la première boucle du vol d&rsquo;<a href="https://youtu.be/D4KRPlsjpB0"><strong>Henri Farman</strong></a> le 13 janvier 1908. Quelle est la date d&rsquo;un premier vol officiel des frères Wright? On comprend d&rsquo;autant mieux la position de <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane%27s_All_the_World%27s_Aircraft"><strong>Paul Jackson</strong></a>. Comment rester sérieux et crédible en reconnaissant la primauté du vol aux Wright? Si des milliers s&rsquo;en accommodent, il n&rsquo;est peut-être pas nécessaire ni souhaitable de persister dans la voie des Wright. De plus, si aucun commissaire n&rsquo;a validé les vols de Whitehead, Susan Brinchman, M. Ed, et son père, le Commandant <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221105054512/http://www.fairfieldhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/ODwyer-Gustav-Whitehead-Research-Collection-Ms-B107.pdf">William J. O&rsquo;Dwyer</a>, ont tout de même réuni 50 témoignages dont la moitié sont des affidavits. Par conséquent, à partir de maintenant, surveillez bien le nom de Gustave Whitehead ou Gustav Weisskopf, ou l&rsquo;affaire du contrat Wright-Smithsonian, car comme un « volcan » éteint, elle pourrait bien sortir une nouvelle fois de son sommeil un de ces jours.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full" id="Wright"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1025" height="395" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Gabriel-Voisin-Mes-10000-Cerfs-Volants-ch-12.jpg" alt="Livre Gabriel Voisin Mes 10000 cerfs-volants book un des plus grands bobards de l'histoire de l'aviation freres Wright vol à voile chapitre XII 12" class="wp-image-12261" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Gabriel-Voisin-Mes-10000-Cerfs-Volants-ch-12.jpg 1025w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Gabriel-Voisin-Mes-10000-Cerfs-Volants-ch-12-300x116.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Gabriel-Voisin-Mes-10000-Cerfs-Volants-ch-12-768x296.jpg 768w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Gabriel-Voisin-Mes-10000-Cerfs-Volants-ch-12-100x39.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Gabriel-Voisin-Mes-10000-Cerfs-Volants-ch-12-150x58.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Gabriel-Voisin-Mes-10000-Cerfs-Volants-ch-12-200x77.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Gabriel-Voisin-Mes-10000-Cerfs-Volants-ch-12-450x173.jpg 450w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Gabriel-Voisin-Mes-10000-Cerfs-Volants-ch-12-600x231.jpg 600w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Gabriel-Voisin-Mes-10000-Cerfs-Volants-ch-12-900x347.jpg 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1025px) 100vw, 1025px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><em>Extrait du livre de Gabriel Voisin <a href="https://www.amazon.fr/Mes-10000-cerfs-volants-Lordre-jour/dp/B0014NZGG0/">Mes 10000 cerfs-volants</a></em> &#8211; Tout un chapitre est consacré aux premiers vols des frères Wright. Il y démontre pourquoi il peut les qualifier de bobards.</figcaption></figure></div>


<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Fin de soirée mémorable</h2>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-full"><a href="https://www.weisskopf.de/seite/260886/deutsches-flugpionier-museum.html"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="785" height="900" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Museum-Leutershausen.jpg" alt="Museum Leutershausen Gustav Weisskopf Gustave Whitehead Musee" class="wp-image-12237" style="width:650px;height:auto" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Museum-Leutershausen.jpg 785w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Museum-Leutershausen-262x300.jpg 262w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Museum-Leutershausen-768x881.jpg 768w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Museum-Leutershausen-100x115.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Museum-Leutershausen-150x172.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Museum-Leutershausen-200x229.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Museum-Leutershausen-300x344.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Museum-Leutershausen-450x516.jpg 450w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Museum-Leutershausen-600x688.jpg 600w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 785px) 100vw, 785px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><em>Musée de Gustave Whitehead à Leutershausen en Bavière &#8211; Thanks to FFGW and Karl Heigold &#8211; <a href="https://www.weisskopf.de">www.weisskopf.de</a></em></figcaption></figure></div>


<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Jean-Claude Bourdeaud&rsquo;hui</strong> clôt les débats et nous invite vers le vin d&rsquo;honneur pour terminer cette agréable soirée. Je peux enfin discuter avec mes camarades, venus nombreux finalement. Il y a des auteurs, des historiens, des pilotes, des ingénieurs. J&rsquo;ai l&rsquo;honneur de rencontrer plusieurs personnalités telles que <strong>Dagmar Stonus</strong>, M.A. venue spécialement d&rsquo;Allemagne. Elle me dit que ce qui s&rsquo;est passé ce soir à Paris est très important pour <a href="https://www.weisskopf.de/seite/260869/geburtsort.html"><strong>Leutershausen</strong></a>, le village natal de <strong>Gustav Weisskopf</strong>. Madame Stonus est en charge d&rsquo;organiser, avec <a href="https://www.frankonzept.de/"><strong>FranKonzept GbR</strong></a> et le Docteur <strong>Laura Gebauer</strong>, la rénovation du <a href="https://www.weisskopf.de/seite/260886/deutsches-flugpionier-museum.html">musée de Leutershausen</a>. Elle confirme que le projet au cœur du village, où Whitehead a passé son enfance, a réussi à rassembler plusieurs millions d&rsquo;euros. Ce centre historique, qui célèbre les tous premiers pionniers de l&rsquo;aviation, consacre une large part à Gustav Weisskopf. Il est fermé actuellement pour d&rsquo;important travaux et devrait ouvrir de nouveau, flambant neuf, en 2022.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignleft size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="284" height="361" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Jules-Verne-Maitre-du-monde.jpg" alt="Jules Verne Maître du monde Robur le conquérant machine volante illustration livre Aéro-Club de France Pierre Baland" class="wp-image-12972" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Jules-Verne-Maitre-du-monde.jpg 284w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Jules-Verne-Maitre-du-monde-236x300.jpg 236w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Jules-Verne-Maitre-du-monde-100x127.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Jules-Verne-Maitre-du-monde-150x191.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Jules-Verne-Maitre-du-monde-200x254.jpg 200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 284px) 100vw, 284px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Extrait de <em>Maître du monde</em> de Jules Verne</figcaption></figure></div>


<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;">J&rsquo;ai le plaisir et l&rsquo;honneur de revoir ou rencontrer trois experts très intéressants lors de cette soirée. Parmi eux, le Général <strong>Yvon Goutx</strong>, ancien pilote de chasse, auteur de plusieurs livres dont <a href="https://www.amazon.fr/pilote-chasse-pendant-guerre-froide/dp/2702515207/"><em>Le ciel est mon désir</em></a>. Il a fait d&rsquo;importantes recherches sur les aviateurs les plus héroïques de l&rsquo;histoire au profit de l&rsquo;<a href="https://www.memorial-des-aviateurs.fr">Association du Mémorial de l&rsquo;Aviateur</a> (AMA) dont il est président d’honneur après l’avoir mise sur pieds et présidée de septembre 2014 à novembre 2018. <strong>Georges Simon</strong>, pilote de ligne expérimenté et ex-dirigeant de Air Galilée et membre de l&rsquo;Aéro-Club de France m&rsquo;a fait découvrir le livre <a href="https://www.amazon.fr/voyages-Lefranc-Laviation-origines-1914/dp/2203314508/"><em>L&rsquo;aviation des origines à 1914</em></a>, tout à fait remarquable. Je l&rsquo;ai ensuite acheté et je le recommande également car il évoque de nombreuses tentatives qui ont mené à la conquête de l&rsquo;air et les illustrations sont vraiment très belles. Pierre Baland, un autre expert et pas des moindres, de l&rsquo;espace cette fois-ci, m&rsquo;a éclairé sur une illustration que j&rsquo;avais découverte par hasard. Il m&rsquo;a indiqué plus tard que cette image datait de 1903. Par conséquent Gustave Whitehead n&rsquo;a pas pu s&rsquo;inspirer de Jules Verne. Le contraire n&rsquo;est pas exclu car les pionniers de l&rsquo;aviation et l&rsquo;auteur nantais de science-fiction ont pu accéder aux mêmes publications pendant leurs recherches. De plus, l&#8217;embarcation de Robur le Conquérant ne comportait pas d&rsquo;hélice et il volait, d&rsquo;après le roman, grâce à des ailes battantes. Ingénieur astronautique et ancien responsable commercial international dans l’industrie aérospatiale, Pierre Baland fait des conférences sur le thème de l’espace et a écrit entre autres <a href="https://www.amazon.fr/Spoutnik-Lune-Lhistoire-programme-sovi%C3%A9tique/dp/2742769420/"><em>De Spoutnik à la Lune : L&rsquo;histoire secrète du programme spatial soviétique</em></a> en 2007. Il fait des conférences sur le thème de l&rsquo;espace. Ce qui m&rsquo;a fait très plaisir, c&rsquo;est de revoir <strong>Éliane Bourguignat</strong> qui m&rsquo;a offert une copie de l&rsquo;autographe de <strong>Gabriel Voisin</strong> adressé à son arrière-arrière-grand-père, <strong>Charles Dollfus</strong> le célèbre aéronaute, auteur et historien qui a écrit avec <strong>Henri Bouché</strong> le chef-d&rsquo;œuvre <em><a href="https://www.abebooks.fr/livres/chercher">Histoire de l&rsquo;aéronautique</a>.</em></p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Association ANCIENS AÉRODROMES</h2>



<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://www.anciens-aerodromes.com/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft  wp-image-13169" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2a-logo.jpg" alt="logo association anciens aerodromes 2a" width="446" height="180" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2a-logo.jpg 580w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2a-logo-300x121.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2a-logo-100x40.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2a-logo-150x61.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2a-logo-200x81.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2a-logo-450x182.jpg 450w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 446px) 100vw, 446px" /></a>Je tiens à remercier tout particulièrement le Président de l&rsquo;association <strong><a href="https://www.anciens-aerodromes.com/">Anciens Aérodromes</a></strong> (2A) <strong>Laurent Bailleul</strong>, qui n&rsquo;a pas pu venir, ainsi que les membres et camarades (je suis aussi membre de 2A). Parmi ceux qui ont assisté à la conférence, il y avait&nbsp;<strong>Jean-Claude Courbet</strong>, <strong><a href="https://www.amazon.fr/l/B004N44IBG">Didier Dubant</a></strong>, <strong><a href="https://www.journaldefrancois.fr/conference-lexploit-aviateur-charles-godefroy-daniel-flahaut-montmorency.htm">Daniel Flahaut</a></strong>, <a href="https://www.anciens-aerodromes.com/upload/MagN46Fevrier2014.pdf" class="broken_link" rel="nofollow"><strong>Thierry Géhan</strong></a>, <strong><a href="https://www.cepadues.com/personnes/231/jean-molveau">Jean Molveau</a></strong>, et <strong><a href="https://www.amazon.fr/Gaudart-Pionnier-laviation-Jean-Pierre-Sourdais/dp/B00N0KOUTE/">Jean-Pierre Sourdais</a></strong>. Je remercie de nouveau tous ceux qui ont travaillé sur <a href="https://www.anciens-aerodromes.com/?p=34952" class="broken_link" rel="nofollow">les films de Carlier évoquant Whitehead</a>: <strong>Jean-Luc Charles</strong>, Daniel Flahaut et notre président Laurent Bailleul. Anciens Aérodromes est membre de l&rsquo;<strong>Aéro-Club de France</strong>, <a href="https://aeroclub.com/les-commissions/commission-patrimoine/">Commission Patrimoine</a>. Grâce à leurs travaux, l&rsquo;histoire de l&rsquo;aviation peut être davantage partagée et mieux comprise. L&rsquo;<a href="https://www.anciens-aerodromes.com/?page_id=32520">Atlas de 2A</a> peut servir à tous les historiens et passionnés, de même que leurs 50 000 photos sur <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/2aa/">leur compte Flickr</a> et leurs passionnants reportages sur <a href="https://webtv.anciens-aerodromes.com/">leur Web-TV</a>. Merci beaucoup encore.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Gustave Whitehead premier à voler ou pas? Conclusion:</h2>



<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;">Je n&rsquo;ai pas démontré que <strong>Gustave Whitehead</strong> avait fait un vol officiel. Par contre, j&rsquo;ai démontré mathématiquement <strong>devant un panel d&rsquo;experts</strong> que <strong>le N°21 de Whitehead était bien plus capable de voler que le Flyer 1 des frères Wright</strong>. Cette démonstration devrait être publiée cette année dans un livre en co-auteur avec <strong><a href="https://profaxtonseven.wordpress.com/">Dénys Karakaya</a> qui a commencé une autre étude sur le Numéro 21 de Gustave Whitehead</strong>. La possibilité d&rsquo;un vol antérieur à celui des Wright devient plus probable. On le constate d&rsquo;ailleurs de plus en plus sur les publications aéronautiques et générales. Parmi les plus populaires, regardez donc certaines pages de Wikipédia, comme celle-ci: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_flying_machines#Adding_power">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_flying_machines#Adding_power</a> . En consultant l&rsquo;historique, <strong>on peut constater un changement de discours envers Gustave Whitehead</strong>. Il se pourrait bien qu&rsquo;un jour on considère de nouveau <strong>les vertus saines qu&rsquo;on attribue au doute</strong>, qu&rsquo;on cesse de faire des déclarations péremptoires sur la primauté du vol des frères Wright, du genre « <em>ils ont tout inventé de l&rsquo;aviation</em> » (déjà vu). Je l&rsquo;enseigne toujours car c&rsquo;est au programme mais je sais maintenant que c&rsquo;est très réducteur et inexact. <strong><a href="https://www.amazon.fr/Mes-10000-cerfs-volants-Lordre-jour/dp/B0014NZGG0/">Gabriel Voisin</a></strong> et <strong><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Wright-Story-Joe-Bullmer/dp/1439236208/">Joe Bullmer</a></strong> <strong>ont déjà sérieusement mis en doute les premiers vols supposés des frères Wright</strong>. D&rsquo;après ma démonstration, les chiffres supposent que les vols du Flyer 1 n&rsquo;étaient pas complètement impossibles mais plutôt <strong>aux limites du possible, voire bien plus dangereux</strong>. Avec tous les éléments accumulés notamment depuis 1963 par <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221105054512/http://www.fairfieldhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/ODwyer-Gustav-Whitehead-Research-Collection-Ms-B107.pdf"><strong>la famille O&rsquo;Dwyer-Brinchman</strong></a> sur <strong>Gustave Whitehead</strong>, ce pilote allemand émigré aux États-Unis <strong>devrait</strong> enfin être plus largement reconnu comme <strong>le premier à avoir accompli un vol humain motorisé et contrôlé</strong>. Ce n&rsquo;est pas encore le cas mais ce n&rsquo;est plus qu&rsquo;une question de temps car les recherches continuent et les travaux aussi. Je tiens à remercier très sincèrement tous mes amis cités dans cet article qui m&rsquo;ont aidé tant de fois à comprendre l&rsquo;histoire de Gustave Whitehead. Merci infiniment à l&rsquo;<strong><a href="https://aeroclub.com/">Aéro-Club de France</a></strong>, sa Présidente <strong><a href="https://www.catherine-maunoury.fr/">Catherine Maunoury</a></strong>, ainsi que <strong>Jean-Claude Bourdeaud&rsquo;hui</strong> et la <a href="https://www.catherine-maunoury.fr/">Commission HAL (Histoire Arts et Lettres)</a> pour m&rsquo;avoir fait l&rsquo;honneur de m&rsquo;inviter afin de présenter mes arguments en public sur un sujet très controversé.</p>



<p style="text-align: justify;">Voici une <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place//data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x47e66fef89cd5993:0xc28fba56f0e7141f?source=g.page.default&amp;ucbcb=1">visite virtuelle de l&rsquo;Aéro-Club de France</a></p>
<p><iframe loading="lazy" style="border: 0;" tabindex="0" src="https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d20997.31613521584!2d2.27481306173503!3d48.86460738109975!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x47e66fef89cd5993%3A0xc28fba56f0e7141f!2sA%C3%A9ro-Club%20de%20France!5e0!3m2!1sfr!2sfr!4v1587223549610!5m2!1sfr!2sfr" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" aria-hidden="false" width="800" height="600" frameborder="0"></iframe></p>



<p id="English" class="has-large-font-size" style="text-align: justify;"><b><a href="#Français">↑</a></b> Hereunder the same article in English:</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Gustave-Whitehead-Gustav-Weisskopf-Condor-21.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1847" height="878" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Gustave-Whitehead-Gustav-Weisskopf-Condor-21.jpg" alt="Gustave Whithead Gustav Weisskopf" class="wp-image-13076" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Gustave-Whitehead-Gustav-Weisskopf-Condor-21.jpg 1847w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Gustave-Whitehead-Gustav-Weisskopf-Condor-21-300x143.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Gustave-Whitehead-Gustav-Weisskopf-Condor-21-1024x487.jpg 1024w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Gustave-Whitehead-Gustav-Weisskopf-Condor-21-768x365.jpg 768w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Gustave-Whitehead-Gustav-Weisskopf-Condor-21-1536x730.jpg 1536w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Gustave-Whitehead-Gustav-Weisskopf-Condor-21-100x48.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Gustave-Whitehead-Gustav-Weisskopf-Condor-21-150x71.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Gustave-Whitehead-Gustav-Weisskopf-Condor-21-200x95.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Gustave-Whitehead-Gustav-Weisskopf-Condor-21-450x214.jpg 450w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Gustave-Whitehead-Gustav-Weisskopf-Condor-21-600x285.jpg 600w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Gustave-Whitehead-Gustav-Weisskopf-Condor-21-900x428.jpg 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1847px) 100vw, 1847px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><em><strong>Gustave Whitehead</strong> and his aeroplane Condor <strong>No. 21</strong> &#8211; FFGW courtesy &#8211; <a href="https://www.weisskopf.de">www.weisskopf.de</a></em></figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">DID GUSTAVE WHITEHEAD FLY? Conference at the Aéro-Club de France</h2>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Paris, December 2, 2019  6.20 pm</h3>



<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;">It is the first time I have been to the <a href="https://aeroclub.com/"><strong>Aéro-Club de France</strong></a>. Night has just fallen and Paris is shining brightly. I can see, just before arriving, the Arc de Triomphe and the Eiffel Tower all lit up. The Aéro-Club de France also has something to impress with its huge propeller decorating its façade. I discover this mansion whose interior looks like a castle. You can immediately feel that this site has a kind of a soul. Its magnificent decor bears witness to a rich aeronautical past. The Aéro-Club de France is the temple of aviation, at least in France, and its history has seen the greatest names in aviation pass through it. Ader, Santos-Dumont, Deutsch and Archdeacon, Blériot, Garros, Bréguet, Lindbergh, Mermoz, Dassault, <a href="https://www.catherine-maunoury.fr/">Maunoury</a>, to name just a few. For we should add astronauts and spacewalkers and so many other great figures in aeronautics and space. It is a mythical place for aviators and aerospace enthusiasts. I am testing the projector and the short videos that I will screen, notably from the film about <strong>Gustave Whitehead</strong> <a href="https://www.artemisfilms.com/productions/who-flew-first-challenging-the-wright-brothers/" class="broken_link" rel="nofollow"><strong><em>Who flew first</em></strong></a> and from the <a href="https://www.weisskopf.de/"><strong>FFGW</strong></a> archives. I would like to express my gratitude to the director <a href="https://www.tilmanremme.com/tilmanremme-com/filmography/"><strong>Tilman Remme</strong></a> and the producer <em>Karen Williams</em> of <a href="https://www.artemisfilms.com/" class="broken_link" rel="nofollow"><strong>Artemis Media</strong></a> in Perth, Australia, who authorized me, through the intervention of <a href="https://www.firstflight1901.com/about1901.html"><strong>Karl Heigold</strong></a> (from Bavaria), to screen these clips (trailer below). Many thanks to the <a href="https://www.weisskopf.de/"><strong>FFGW</strong></a> too.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
<iframe loading="lazy" title="Who Flew First: Challenging the Wright Brothers" width="1140" height="641" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/mbpIvaFWmv4?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>
</div><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Trailer of <em><a href="https://www.artemisfilms.com/productions/who-flew-first-challenging-the-wright-brothers/" class="broken_link" rel="nofollow">Who flew first</a></em> by <a href="https://www.tilmanremme.com/tilmanremme-com/filmography/">Tilman Remme</a> and Karen Williams – <a href="https://www.artemisfilms.com/" class="broken_link" rel="nofollow">Artemis Media</a></figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Gustave Whitehead Conference – 7.30 pm</h2>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-full"><a href="http://aeroclub.com/les-salons/#4-salons"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="560" height="747" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/2019-decembre-02-aero-club-de-france.jpg" alt="Hall Aéro-Club de France sapin de Noël Toni Giacoia" class="wp-image-12125" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/2019-decembre-02-aero-club-de-france.jpg 560w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/2019-decembre-02-aero-club-de-france-225x300.jpg 225w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/2019-decembre-02-aero-club-de-france-100x133.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/2019-decembre-02-aero-club-de-france-150x200.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/2019-decembre-02-aero-club-de-france-200x267.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/2019-decembre-02-aero-club-de-france-300x400.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/2019-decembre-02-aero-club-de-france-450x600.jpg 450w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><em><a href="https://aeroclub.com/de-1898-a-nos-jours/chronologie/">Aéro-Club de France</a> hall adorned with Christmas decorations</em></figcaption></figure></div>


<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;">51 visitors are in the room to try to understand this surprising story of Gustave Whitehead, this genius inventor who allegedly flew before the Wright brothers. Then suddenly everything speeds up and Jean-Claude Bourdeaud&rsquo;hui gives me a briefing. Serious things can now begin. Everything is ready. The room is crammed with people because we had to add chairs and I make my way through the narrow central aisle because it is so crowded. Jean-Claude joins me to announce the beginning of the conference. He asks me why I am so passionate about aviation. I answer that since I was a child I have marvelled at watching airplanes flying through the air. It is the heart that speaks and I believe that this is still what I feel today. The conference can begin.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Two Amazing Little-Known Aviation Pioneers</h2>



<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;">We begin with a prelude that is a little off-topic but extremely important. It is about making the audience aware of recent discoveries that two of my friends have made. The purpose of this prelude is to make it easier to contact them for further research. <strong>Raymond Piccoli</strong> heads the <a href="https://www.labofoudre.com/"><em><strong>Laboratoire de la foudre</strong></em></a>, &#8211; Lightning research laboratory. He discovered some beautiful plans of a wonderful patent in the family archives in late 2019. It is about a mixed hydroaeroplane &#8211; designed by <strong>Charles Marcois</strong> &#8211; equipped with a landing gear. This landing gear is quite special because it has a float and wheels, but above all it is retractable. The patent dating back to 1912 would not be the first retractable landing gear. Indeed, the French <strong>Penaud</strong> had drawn one on his aeroplane in 1876, and the German <strong>Wiencziers</strong> had produced one as early as 1911. In the same year, the American <strong>Glenn Curtiss</strong> had made a retractable landing gear. The plans of the Frenchman Charles Marcois are of great finesse, drawn on a very nice white paper, with a textile appearance, and embossed with the patent seal, which was ratified in Brussels. This mixed system is so special that it could in itself be a world first. The audience contemplated Marcois&rsquo; designs, but nobody had heard of him. In the meantime, I pass books to those seated in the front rows. After flipping through these little-known gems, they pass them on to the other rows. They all are about the subject of the conference such as <a href="https://www.amazon.fr/Gustave-Whitehead-Flight-Susan-Brinchman/dp/0692439307/"><em><strong>Gustave Whitehead: First in flight</strong></em></a> by <strong>Susan O’Dwyer Brinchman, M.Ed</strong>; <a href="https://www.amazon.fr/History-contract-beginning-motorized-Whitehead/dp/B0006E636K/" class="broken_link" rel="nofollow"><em><strong>History by contract</strong></em></a> by <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221105054512/http://www.fairfieldhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/ODwyer-Gustav-Whitehead-Research-Collection-Ms-B107.pdf"><strong>William J. O’Dwyer</strong></a> et <strong>Stella Randolph</strong>; <a href="https://www.amazon.fr/Mes-10000-cerfs-volants-Lordre-jour/dp/B0014NZGG0/"><em><strong>Mes 10 000 cerfs-volants</strong></em></a> by <strong>Gabriel Voisin</strong>, and at last <a href="https://www.amazon.fr/Autre-Histoire-lAviation-lIndre-Loire/dp/1541120019"><em><strong>Une autre histoire de l’aviation</strong></em></a>. I then project some documents found by <strong>Patrick Saletes</strong> from the <a href="https://ateliermalicot.wixsite.com/ateliermalicot">Malicot workshop</a> in Sablé-sur-Sarthe. These are shots of old documents about the inventions of aviation pioneer <strong>Marcel Leyat</strong>. He was best known for his Hélica, a propeller-driven automobile exhibited at the CNAM (National conservation of arts and crafts &#8211; Paris, France). His aeronautical production was as prolific as it was astonishing, including an « uncapsizable » aeroplane and plans for an avant-garde bomber. For those who wish, you can reach me on the <a href="https://airforces.fr/contact/">contact</a> page so that I can put you in touch with these collectors.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-gallery aligncenter has-nested-images columns-4 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex">
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="447" height="650" data-id="12120" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/history-by-contract-.jpg" alt="Gustave Whitehead Gustav Weisskopf Livre book Buch history by contract William O'Dwyer Stella Randolph" class="wp-image-12120" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/history-by-contract-.jpg 447w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/history-by-contract--206x300.jpg 206w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/history-by-contract--100x145.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/history-by-contract--150x218.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/history-by-contract--200x291.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/history-by-contract--300x436.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 447px) 100vw, 447px" /></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="526" height="650" data-id="12119" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/gustave-whitehead-first-in-flight-.jpg" alt="Gustave Whitehead first in flight Susan Brinchman Gustav Weisskopf Livre book Buch" class="wp-image-12119" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/gustave-whitehead-first-in-flight-.jpg 526w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/gustave-whitehead-first-in-flight--243x300.jpg 243w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/gustave-whitehead-first-in-flight--100x124.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/gustave-whitehead-first-in-flight--150x185.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/gustave-whitehead-first-in-flight--200x247.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/gustave-whitehead-first-in-flight--300x371.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/gustave-whitehead-first-in-flight--450x556.jpg 450w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 526px) 100vw, 526px" /></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="502" height="650" data-id="12121" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/une-autre-histoire-de-l-aviation-.jpg" alt="Gustave Whitehead Gustav Weisskopf Livre book Buch une autre histoire de l'aviation toni giacoia aéro-club de france" class="wp-image-12121" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/une-autre-histoire-de-l-aviation-.jpg 502w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/une-autre-histoire-de-l-aviation--232x300.jpg 232w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/une-autre-histoire-de-l-aviation--100x129.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/une-autre-histoire-de-l-aviation--150x194.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/une-autre-histoire-de-l-aviation--200x259.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/une-autre-histoire-de-l-aviation--300x388.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/une-autre-histoire-de-l-aviation--450x583.jpg 450w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 502px) 100vw, 502px" /></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="470" height="685" data-id="12128" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Gabriel-Voisin.jpg" alt="Livre Gabriel Voisin Mes 10000 cerfs-volants book" class="wp-image-12128" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Gabriel-Voisin.jpg 470w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Gabriel-Voisin-206x300.jpg 206w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Gabriel-Voisin-100x146.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Gabriel-Voisin-150x219.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Gabriel-Voisin-200x291.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Gabriel-Voisin-300x437.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Gabriel-Voisin-450x656.jpg 450w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 470px) 100vw, 470px" /></figure>
</figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Gustave Whitehead «Three Musketeers»</h2>



<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;">As you know, <em>The Three Musketeers</em> were actually four. Indeed, we are four enthusiasts who have been exchanging for a few years now across borders to get Gustave Whitehead&rsquo;s case recognized.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignleft size-full"><a href="https://gustavewhitehead.info/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="498" height="608" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Susan-Brinchman.png" alt="Susan Brinchman Master of Education Author Searcher Gustave Whitehead Firts in Flight O'Dwyer Gustav Weisskopf" class="wp-image-12117" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Susan-Brinchman.png 498w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Susan-Brinchman-246x300.png 246w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Susan-Brinchman-100x122.png 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Susan-Brinchman-150x183.png 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Susan-Brinchman-200x244.png 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Susan-Brinchman-300x366.png 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Susan-Brinchman-450x549.png 450w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 498px) 100vw, 498px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><em><a href="https://gustavewhitehead.info/gustave-whitehead-first-in-flight/">Susan O’Dwyer Brinchman, M. Ed</a> – <a href="https://gustavewhitehead.info">gustavewhitehead.info</a></em></figcaption></figure></div>


<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Susan Brinchman</strong>, or more precisely <strong>Susan O&rsquo;Dwyer Brinchman, M. Ed</strong>, is the most experienced person among us when it comes to tracing the events concerning <strong>Gustave Whitehead</strong>. She has been present and a participant during the research and interviews regarding the enigma of Gustave Whitehead&rsquo;s relative anonymity, since 1963. She is the last living person to have met some of the eyewitnesses to Whitehead&rsquo;s flights. This can be explained by the fact that she was present for some of the investigations of her father, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221105054512/http://www.fairfieldhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/ODwyer-Gustav-Whitehead-Research-Collection-Ms-B107.pdf"><strong>William J. O&rsquo;Dwyer</strong></a>. He was an instructor pilot in the Army Air Corps, then a Captain, and later, a Major in the USAF reserve. After discovering photos of a Whitehead&rsquo;s aeroplane in 1963, he managed to uncover, in 1976, the contract signed in 1948 between the United States government, Smithsonian Institution, and Orville Wright’s heirs. <a href="https://gustavewhitehead.info/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/SmithsonianContract1948-FULL.pdf"><strong>This contract, still in force, stipulates that no other powered, manned, heavier-than-air flights prior to the Wright brothers&rsquo; flight on December 17, 1903, shall be recognized by the Smithsonian.</strong></a>. In exchange, the Smithsonian was allowed to purchase the Flyer 1 for one symbolic dollar. Along with her father, Susan Brinchman discovered hundreds of articles pertaining to Whitehead&rsquo;s flights and inventions. Her father even bequeathed 20 feet of his Whitehead files (in 21 boxes!) to a museum in Fairfield, Connecticut. That shows the magnitude of the discoveries over the last 56 years. Susan published <a href="https://www.amazon.fr/Gustave-Whitehead-Flight-Susan-Brinchman/dp/0692439307/"><em>Gustave Whitehead: First in Flight</em></a> in 2015. It can be signed when ordered from <a href="https://gustavewhitehead.info/">her website</a> which contains a vast amount of information on Gustave Whitehead. Susan Brinchman&rsquo;s meticulous analysis on <a href="https://gustavewhitehead.info/">this website</a>, as well as her experience on the subject, makes it the world&rsquo;s most reliable source on <strong>Gustave Whitehead</strong> (<strong>Gustav Weisskopf</strong>). Without <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221105054512/http://www.fairfieldhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/ODwyer-Gustav-Whitehead-Research-Collection-Ms-B107.pdf"><strong>the discoveries</strong> of the <strong>O&rsquo;Dwyer-Brinchman family</strong></a>, we would only know what Stella Randolph left us in her books.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Karl-Heigold.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="860" height="800" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Karl-Heigold.png" alt="Karl Heigold Aero Friedrichshafen Gustav weisskopf Gustave Whitehead FFGW Leutershausen Museum Musée Nummer 21 B Number numéro" class="wp-image-12115" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Karl-Heigold.png 860w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Karl-Heigold-300x279.png 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Karl-Heigold-768x714.png 768w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Karl-Heigold-100x93.png 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Karl-Heigold-150x140.png 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Karl-Heigold-200x186.png 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Karl-Heigold-450x419.png 450w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Karl-Heigold-600x558.png 600w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 860px) 100vw, 860px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><em><a href="https://www.firstflight1901.com/about1901.html">Karl HEIGOLD</a> and Gustave Whitehead Number 21 B – <a href="https://www.aero-expo.com/">AERO Friedrichshafen</a></em></figcaption></figure>



<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://www.firstflight1901.com/about1901.html"><strong>Karl Heigold</strong></a> is a key asset to our team as he is in charge of the development at the <strong>FFGW</strong> (<a href="https://www.weisskopf.de/"><strong>Flughistorische Forschungsgemeinschaft Gustav Weisskopf</strong></a> – <strong>Gustave Whitehead</strong>&lsquo;s flight research society.) He was a pilot and had lived in Canada for 20 years. He speaks English fluently. He is aware of everything about Weisskopf (Whitehead) in Germany because he is on site at the <a href="https://www.weisskopf.de/seite/260886/deutsches-flugpionier-museum.html"><strong>Leutershausen Museum</strong></a>. He is the only German-speaking member of our team. As Gustave Whitehead (Gustav Weisskopf) was German, Karl is of great help to us. His advice is always very helpful. If we did not have his point of view, we would miss out on many of the subtleties of Gustave Whitehead&rsquo;s story.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-full"><a href="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Charles-Lautier.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="924" height="991" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Charles-Lautier.png" alt="Searcher Charles Lautier Gustave Whitehead 1901 Number 21 T-shirt Gustav Weisskopf Connecticut" class="wp-image-12114" style="width:628px;height:auto" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Charles-Lautier.png 924w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Charles-Lautier-280x300.png 280w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Charles-Lautier-768x824.png 768w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Charles-Lautier-100x107.png 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Charles-Lautier-150x161.png 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Charles-Lautier-200x215.png 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Charles-Lautier-300x322.png 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Charles-Lautier-450x483.png 450w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Charles-Lautier-600x644.png 600w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Charles-Lautier-900x965.png 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 924px) 100vw, 924px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><em>Researcher Charles Lautier wearing the Whitehead-1901 T-shirt &#8211; CT</em></figcaption></figure></div>


<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Charles Lautier</strong> is our most valuable researcher as he has found more than 60 articles concerning Gustave Whitehead since 2014. He is the only one of our team to be on site in <strong>Connecticut</strong> because he lives near <strong>Bridgeport</strong> and <strong>Fairfield</strong>. These were the places where most of Gustave Whitehead&rsquo;s aviation activities were recorded. Charles has a deep knowledge of aviation history as he grew up near the Biggin Hill fighter base in the UK. He was also a gas turbine development engineer with AVCO Lycoming. His research and experience make his observations always relevant.</p>



<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;">Finally I introduce myself and I point out that France seems to give interesting clues, leading to the inventor Whitehead. I insist on the fact that without my three friends, I would certainly not have been able to understand the story of Gustave Whitehad which is both complex and sensitive. We have exchanged hundreds of emails on the case of Gustave Whitehead. We have exchanged perhaps more documents, mostly from Susan Brinchman and more recently from Charles Lautier and Karl Heigold. We haven&rsquo;t all gone through all the documents yet, because there are so many. We have been thinking of starting an association or a foundation, but our status as a voluntary organization suits us very well at the moment. There are a few other contributors that I will talk about next. I gratefully thank <a href="https://www.amazon.fr/stores/Jean-Yves-Lorant/author/B004MZR2XC"><strong>Jean-Yves Lorant</strong></a>. He has written and translated books on the history of German aviation. He introduced me to Gustave Whitehead during research at the Château de Vincennes in early 2015.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Paris-Whitehead-AECF-2020-.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2048" height="1152" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Paris-Whitehead-AECF-2020-.jpg" alt="Toni Giacoia conference Aeroclub de France Gustav Weisskopf Gustave Whitehead Dagmar Stonus Frankonzept GbR Institut Mermoz APA Training FCL Anglais" class="wp-image-12285" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Paris-Whitehead-AECF-2020-.jpg 2048w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Paris-Whitehead-AECF-2020--300x169.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Paris-Whitehead-AECF-2020--1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Paris-Whitehead-AECF-2020--768x432.jpg 768w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Paris-Whitehead-AECF-2020--1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Paris-Whitehead-AECF-2020--100x56.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Paris-Whitehead-AECF-2020--150x84.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Paris-Whitehead-AECF-2020--200x113.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Paris-Whitehead-AECF-2020--450x253.jpg 450w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Paris-Whitehead-AECF-2020--600x338.jpg 600w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Paris-Whitehead-AECF-2020--900x506.jpg 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><em>Introduction of the conference on Gustave Whitehead at the Aéro-Club de France on Monday 2 December 2019</em></figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Gustave Whitehead &#8211; Childhood Hardships Followed By Extraordinary Destiny</h2>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignleft size-full"><a href="http://pr.heigold.net/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1200" height="1919" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Gustave-Whitehead-portrait.jpg" alt="FFGW Gustav Weisskopf portrait Karl Heigold Gustave Whitehead" class="wp-image-12110" style="width:588px;height:auto" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Gustave-Whitehead-portrait.jpg 1200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Gustave-Whitehead-portrait-188x300.jpg 188w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Gustave-Whitehead-portrait-640x1024.jpg 640w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Gustave-Whitehead-portrait-768x1228.jpg 768w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Gustave-Whitehead-portrait-961x1536.jpg 961w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Gustave-Whitehead-portrait-100x160.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Gustave-Whitehead-portrait-150x240.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Gustave-Whitehead-portrait-200x320.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Gustave-Whitehead-portrait-300x480.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Gustave-Whitehead-portrait-450x720.jpg 450w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Gustave-Whitehead-portrait-600x960.jpg 600w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Gustave-Whitehead-portrait-900x1439.jpg 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><em>Gustav Weisskopf – Gustave Whitehead, thanks to FFGW and <a href="https://www.firstflight1901.com/about1901.html">Karl Heigold</a> – <a href="https://www.weisskopf.de">www.weisskopf.de</a></em></figcaption></figure></div>


<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;">To fully understand the story of Gustave Whitehead&rsquo;s destiny, we have to go back to his childhood. <strong>Gustav Albin Weisskopf</strong> was born on January 1, 1874 in Leutershausen in northern Bavaria, Franconia.</p>



<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;">As a child he was interested in avian flight. He even manages to talk his grandmother into making him a kind of wingsuit to attempt a hypothetical human flight. In October 1886, little Gustav is 12 years old. His mother had just given birth to a sixth child. It all went wrong. She died in the arms of her son Gustav. The tragedy turned into a nightmare when four months later, in February 1887, his father died of a lung disease. Gustav was 13 years old. One can imagine the excruciating, overwhelming pain of these heavy losses for the teenager. He left almost immediately to work in the factories of renowned Rudolph Diesel in Augsburg. Soon Gustav wants to learn all about engines. Power, cooling, fuels, alloys, mechanisms and breakdowns. He shows exceptional diligence at work. This is a constant that he will keep throughout his life. He will become a man, a worker, an inventor, a pioneer, who will work night and day, as if to expunge the horror of his so tragic family destiny (Thanks for the photo of Gustav Weisskopf thanks to FFGW and Karl Heigold <a href="https://www.weisskopf.de">www.weisskopf.de</a>)</p>
<center><iframe loading="lazy" style="border: 0;" src="https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d83263.17021906104!2d10.334518723856558!3d49.29583433798056!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x479895f987491d59%3A0x41eda32beb5f500!2s91578%20Leutershausen%2C%20Allemagne!5e0!3m2!1sfr!2sfr!4v1577058266334!5m2!1sfr!2sfr" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" width="400" height="300" frameborder="0"></iframe></center>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">In The Right Place At The Right Time</h2>



<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;">During the conference, I insist on the fact that <strong>Gustave Whitehead</strong>&lsquo;s relationships certainly played a major role in his work. Whether by chance or of his own free will, Whitehead would have some decisive connections throughout his life, at least until 1901. He also found himself in places propitious to aeronautical innovation. In fact, the best possible places. First as an apprentice at <strong>Diesel</strong>, he is going to learn engine technology and metallurgy. As a sailor, he is going to observe the effect of the wind, and soaring birds (which don&rsquo;t always need to flap their wings to fly.) A German immigrant to America at the end of the 19th century, he finds himself in Boston, where he meets some of the biggest names in aeronautics. He even has the chance to work with them by joining the <strong>BAS</strong> (<strong>Boston Aeronautical Society</strong>). He meets the Australian <strong>Hargrave</strong> whose kites are at the cutting edge of progress. While working on his kites at the BAS, he receives the first lessons of captive flight of the heavier-than-air devices. Chanute goes so far as to sponsor his first glider project. <strong>Octave Chanute</strong>, then one of the best engineers in the United States, will be amazed at Whitehead&rsquo;s progress. He even meets Lilienthal with whom he can learn from his wings and gliding tests. Other big names such as <strong>Langley</strong>, <strong>Phillips</strong> and <strong>Maxim</strong> came to Boston at the same time to work with BAS. No wonder that Gustave Whitehead was able to realize so many flying inventions afterwards. He undoubtedly studied the work of <strong>d&rsquo;Esterno</strong> and <strong>Mouillard</strong>, exchanging ideas with Octave Chanute, who willingly shared his immense knowledge. In short, at the end of the 19th century, Gustave Whitehead has all the ingredients and conditions to become a pioneer of aviation.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/2019-AECF-denys-karakaya-3b.jpeg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="578" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/2019-AECF-denys-karakaya-3b.jpeg" alt="Conference Gustave Whitehead Aero-Club de France 2019 Gustav Weisskopf Toni Giacoia" class="wp-image-12284" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/2019-AECF-denys-karakaya-3b.jpeg 1024w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/2019-AECF-denys-karakaya-3b-300x169.jpeg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/2019-AECF-denys-karakaya-3b-768x434.jpeg 768w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/2019-AECF-denys-karakaya-3b-100x56.jpeg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/2019-AECF-denys-karakaya-3b-150x85.jpeg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/2019-AECF-denys-karakaya-3b-200x113.jpeg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/2019-AECF-denys-karakaya-3b-450x254.jpeg 450w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/2019-AECF-denys-karakaya-3b-600x339.jpeg 600w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/2019-AECF-denys-karakaya-3b-900x508.jpeg 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><em>Aerodynamic study of Gustave Whitehead&rsquo;s flying machines at the <a href="https://aeroclub.com">Aéro-Club de France</a></em></figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Many Pioneers Before The Wrights</h2>



<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;">For the past two or three decades, aviation history has tended to erase everything that preceded December 1903. However, other pioneers had already done a great deal of work on aerodynes. It is unfortunate that these brave airmen are too often forgotten. I have mentioned a few names, but I could have mentioned about 20 of them. These pioneers, inventors, daredevils, had already discovered, or designed, or projected, wing warping, and the flight controls that allowed controlled flight. Among them was the Count of Esterno who had clearly observed, as early as 1863 and even before, the decisive bank of the wings in the turn. Penaud had already projected and designed a fly-by-wire aeroplane control system! (No, you&rsquo;re not dreaming!) The American Octave Chanute had learned from the Frenchman Mouillard the importance of wing warping. The Englishman Cayley had also learned almost everything about controlled flight from the Frenchman Mouillard. During the conference, <a href="https://profaxtonseven.wordpress.com/a-propos/"><strong>Dénys Karakaya</strong></a> mentions very aptly the difference in right-left engine speeds imagined by Ader to control a flying machine. This is a technique that Whitehead also applied to turns. In a way, the history of early aviation is a source of inspiration for engineers, and even for emergency situations which can lead to explore the boundaries of the flight envelope. For example, the canard surface reappeared in the 1980s. Another example is that some pilots were able to control their aircraft as a last resort by adjusting engine speeds. For example, it is possible to turn by pivoting around the yaw axis (of course, this is not what is taught in flight schools, fortunately). As evidence of this, Ferber was turning by actuating side flaps in a triangle shape to pivot around the yaw axis. Unfortunately, the assertion that the Wrights invented aviation has so often been held up as a landmark, a standard that most now accept, obliterates what is perhaps one of the most interesting parts of aviation history. It cannot be said often enough: there are many other pioneers who explored the flight controls of heavier-than-air machines before 1903.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Gustave Whitehead Was An Outstanding Engine Designer And Builder</h2>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-full"><a href="https://www.amazon.fr/Gustave-Whitehead-Flight-Susan-Brinchman/dp/0692439307/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="470" height="682" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Whitehead-Engine.jpg" alt="Gustave Whitehead engine cooling Gustav Weisskopf motor moteur refroidissement" class="wp-image-12131" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Whitehead-Engine.jpg 470w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Whitehead-Engine-207x300.jpg 207w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Whitehead-Engine-100x145.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Whitehead-Engine-150x218.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Whitehead-Engine-200x290.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Whitehead-Engine-300x435.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Whitehead-Engine-450x653.jpg 450w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 470px) 100vw, 470px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><em>Gustave Whitehead and an engine featuring cooling barbs  – Thanks to Susan Brinchman, M. Ed</em></figcaption></figure></div>


<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;">Gustave Whitehead leaves nothing to chance. As the books <em><strong><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Gustave-Whitehead-Flight-Susan-Brinchman/dp/0692439307/">Gustave Whitehead: First in flight</a></strong></em> and <em><strong><a href="https://www.amazon.com/History-contract-beginning-motorized-Whitehead/dp/B0006E636K/">History by contract</a></strong></em> show, the aviation pioneer carefully studies the propellers available at that time. He knows the flaws and advantages of each one. With all his contacts in the world of aviation, he must know a lot about wing surfaces and airfoils. Long before Léon Levavasseur, Whitehead&rsquo;s major asset was his expertise in the development of light engines, so useful to airships and other flying machines. This would later remain his strength as Chanute himself recommends Whitehead engines to the Wright brothers, in July, 1901, and reports emerged that the Wrights visited Whitehead that year. Traces of his works can be found in archives. They regularly indicate that Whitehead engines are sought after by aeronauts and aviation pioneers. As Susan Brinchman, M. Ed, comments about his engines, Charles Wittemann, notable early aviation pioneer, bought Whitehead engines for his planes and in later years described him as « a genius ». (I am not going to list them all here, but it is clear that Gustave Whitehead was probably the best in this field for a few years.) Thus, people can admire the astonishing diversity of his engine designs: gasoline engines, steam engines, kerosene engines, powder engines, acetylene engines (very powerful but dangerous), diesel engines. Finally, he would even have developed engines with mixtures of which only he would have the secret. Whitehead knows all sorts of techniques for cooling. He also chooses with great care the foundries to which he sends his orders. He wants the best alloys for the best job. A strange « liquid air » engine is sometimes found in the archives as well. In short, over a period of a few years, given the performance and weight of some of his engines, Whitehead may well have been the best engine manufacturer in the world when it comes to aeroplane engines.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Paul Jackson Maintains His Stance On Gustave Whitehead</h2>



<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;">Among the information and elements given during the event, this is a highlight. Following a correspondence with <strong><a href="https://www.amazon.com/stores/paul-jackson/author/B001HPBUC4">Paul Jackson</a></strong>, Fellow <strong><a href="https://www.aerosociety.com/membership-accreditation/joinupgrade/membership-grades/fellow/">FRAeS</a></strong>, the editor-in-chief of <em><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Janes-All-Worlds-Aircraft-Development/dp/0710634234/"><strong>Jane’s all the world’s aircraft</strong></a></em> <em>(JAWA)</em>, I am reporting to the audience the position of this renowned expert on the history of aeronautics. It is crystal clear. Paul Jackson confirms that Gustave Whitehead was likely to be the first person to make a controlled flight on an aerodyne. He even points out that <u>his opinion on Whitehead has only become stronger since 2013</u>. This is an important statement because some media sometimes interpret his words as <a href="http://gustavewhitehead.info/janes-recognition-of-gustave-whitehead/">a kind of a denial</a>, but this recent confirmation proves that this is not the case. This goes against what is generally recognized, but Jane&rsquo;s is a century-old institution which has built its reputation on the seriousness of its work. Jane&rsquo;s publishes its renowned encyclopaedia every year, as it remains the world reference in this field. The Smithsonian Institution disagrees about Whitehead, but that does not change anything. Paul Jackson&rsquo;s firm stance is serious enough to attract attention.</p>
<p>Online shop: <strong>Jane&rsquo;s All The World&rsquo;s Aircraft.</strong></p>



<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
<iframe loading="lazy" title="Interview with Paul Jackson - Editor of Jane&#039;s All the World&#039;s Aircraft" width="1140" height="641" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/YH9UDw3ioug?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>
</div><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Interview with <a href="https://www.amazon.com/stores/paul-jackson/author/B001HPBUC4">Paul Jackson</a> &#8211; Editor-in-chief of <em><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Janes-All-Worlds-Aircraft-Development/dp/0710634234/">Jane&rsquo;s All the World&rsquo;s Aircraft</a></em></figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">The Whitehead-Wright case &#8211; a dormant volcano</h2>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="950" height="785" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/ODwyer-Randolph-desterno-1974.jpg" alt="Leutershausen Mayor Burgmeister Dieter Gundel Stella Randolph William J O'Dwyer d'Esterno Gustave Whitehead Gustav Weisskopf" class="wp-image-13625" style="width:614px;height:auto" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/ODwyer-Randolph-desterno-1974.jpg 950w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/ODwyer-Randolph-desterno-1974-300x248.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/ODwyer-Randolph-desterno-1974-768x635.jpg 768w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/ODwyer-Randolph-desterno-1974-100x83.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/ODwyer-Randolph-desterno-1974-150x124.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/ODwyer-Randolph-desterno-1974-200x165.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/ODwyer-Randolph-desterno-1974-450x372.jpg 450w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/ODwyer-Randolph-desterno-1974-600x496.jpg 600w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/ODwyer-Randolph-desterno-1974-900x744.jpg 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 950px) 100vw, 950px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Leutershausen Mayor Dieter Gundel, Stella Randolph and William J O&rsquo;Dwyer about d&rsquo;Esterno sketch which may have inspired Gustave Whitehead &#8211; Susan O&rsquo;Dwyer Brinchman, M. Ed courtesy, O&rsquo;Dwyer family archives</figcaption></figure></div>


<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;">It is mostly towards the end of the conference that I really demonstrate all of Gustave Whitehead&rsquo;s talent. With images and passages from the books <a href="https://www.amazon.fr/Gustave-Whitehead-Flight-Brinchman-2015-05-28/dp/B01K3LAS3E/"><em>Gustave Whitehead: First in flight</em></a> by Susan Brinchman, Mr. Ed, and that of her father Major <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221105054512/http://www.fairfieldhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/ODwyer-Gustav-Whitehead-Research-Collection-Ms-B107.pdf">William J. O&rsquo;Dwyer</a>, co-author with Stella Randolph of <a href="https://www.amazon.fr/History-contract-beginning-motorized-Whitehead/dp/B0006E636K/" class="broken_link" rel="nofollow"><em>History by contract</em></a>. I will not dwell too much on all the conflicting events in Whitehead&rsquo;s story, because I would have had to add a couple more hours. However, I cannot overlook his calamitous sponsor Linde and the infamous case of the Wright-Smithsonian contract mentioned earlier in the paragraph dedicated to Susan Brinchman, M. Ed. Major <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221105054512/http://www.fairfieldhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/ODwyer-Gustav-Whitehead-Research-Collection-Ms-B107.pdf">William J. O&rsquo;Dwyer</a> proved, with the help of Senator <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowell_Weicker"><strong>Lowell Weicker</strong></a> of the U.S. state of Connecticut, that there is indeed a contract that objectively misrepresents the historical reality of the first human aerodyne flight.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><a href="https://gustavewhitehead.info/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/SmithsonianContract1948-FULL.pdf"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="704" height="305" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/wright-wmithsonian-contract.gif" alt="Wright Smithsonian contract agreement first in flight 1948 1976 O'Dwyer Lowell Weicker" class="wp-image-12173"/></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><em>1948 Wright-Smithsonian agreement passage <strong>denying all prior manned flights</strong></em></figcaption></figure></div>


<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;">Some at the Smithsonian&rsquo;s refuse the term « contract ». They say « agreement » instead. An agreement which was signed by both parties anyway. In other words about this <a href="https://gustavewhitehead.info/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/SmithsonianContract1948-FULL.pdf">contract</a>, it means:</p>



<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://gustavewhitehead.info/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/SmithsonianContract1948-FULL.pdf"><em>The Smithsonian Institution or its successors, or any museum or other agency, office or facility administered by the Smithsonian Institution or its successors for the United States of America, <strong>shall not publish, or permit to be declared or displayed, anything relating to any aircraft, model or design of any date prior to the 1903 Wright Aeroplane, claiming to have made a controlled, powered flight while transporting a man.</strong></em></a></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><a href="https://www.anciens-aerodromes.com/?p=34952" class="broken_link" rel="nofollow"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2088" height="1590" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Film-Carlier-Gustave-Whitehead.jpg" alt="Gustav Weisskopf Gustave Whitehead numéro 21 condor aéroplane Alfred Carlier France anciens aérodromes 2A français USA septembre 1901" class="wp-image-12113" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Film-Carlier-Gustave-Whitehead.jpg 2088w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Film-Carlier-Gustave-Whitehead-300x228.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Film-Carlier-Gustave-Whitehead-1024x780.jpg 1024w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Film-Carlier-Gustave-Whitehead-768x585.jpg 768w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Film-Carlier-Gustave-Whitehead-1536x1170.jpg 1536w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Film-Carlier-Gustave-Whitehead-2048x1560.jpg 2048w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Film-Carlier-Gustave-Whitehead-100x76.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Film-Carlier-Gustave-Whitehead-150x114.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Film-Carlier-Gustave-Whitehead-200x152.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Film-Carlier-Gustave-Whitehead-450x343.jpg 450w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Film-Carlier-Gustave-Whitehead-600x457.jpg 600w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Film-Carlier-Gustave-Whitehead-900x685.jpg 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2088px) 100vw, 2088px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><em>View of #21 Condor by Gustave Whitehead, discovered in France by the association Anciens Aérodromes (2A) among Alfred Carlier&rsquo;s films.</em></figcaption></figure></div>


<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;">It is in silence and with amazement that the audience discovers this passage which leaves them incredulous. It is unimaginable that history could be written under contract, especially in such a way. I also add that <a href="https://gustavewhitehead.info/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/SmithsonianContract1948-FULL.pdf">this contract has remained public</a> since the 1976 intervention of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowell_Weicker">Senator <strong>Lowell Weicker</strong></a> of the U.S. state of Connecticut and <strong><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221105054512/http://www.fairfieldhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/ODwyer-Gustav-Whitehead-Research-Collection-Ms-B107.pdf">Major William J. O&rsquo;Dwyer</a></strong> under the <strong><a href="https://foia.state.gov/Learn/FOIA.aspx">American Freedom of Information Act</a></strong>. This is not the only text that is surprising. I then go on to present the contents of a press release from the information service of the U.S. embassy in Germany in 1983. From the text, it is clear that the U.S. embassy recognized the primacy of Gustav Weisskopf&rsquo;s flight. But there is more than that! <a href="https://x.com/readersdigest" class="broken_link" rel="nofollow"><strong><em>The Readers Digest</em></strong></a>, one of the world&rsquo;s largest print runs, also recalls this world premiere of <strong>Gustave Whitehead</strong> in an article published in July 1945. It was following a pamphlet that <strong>Orville Wright</strong> wrote. It aimed at describing or rather despising Gustave Whitehead&rsquo;s work. <em>Jane&rsquo;s All the World Aircraft</em> will later publish <strong>Paul Jackson</strong>&lsquo;s opinion on the subject in 2013. It will be an earthquake in the community of historians because several major media outlets will then report on this rediscovery. I dare say, after reading and watching all these articles and videos, that the journalists did their job with complete impartiality. Why should they not? Perhaps the attendees of this event at the Aéro-Club de France are still stunned by all that. Still, the Smithsonian continues to proclaim the primacy of the Wright brothers&rsquo; flight. Until when? Gustave Whitehead&rsquo;s story is like a dormant volcano that sometimes erupts when you least expect it. More recently, the association <a href="https://www.anciens-aerodromes.com/">Anciens Aérodromes (2A)</a> discovered in old <strong>Alfred Carlier</strong>&lsquo;s films a rather intriguing announcement published in France. An image of Gustave Whitehead&rsquo;s Number 21 airplane appears in it, suggesting a flight made on September 25, 1901. After passing this information on to my friends, Susan Brinchman immediately remembered the Atlantic City fair because the date roughly corresponds to Whitehead&rsquo;s presence at that great exhibition. It is surprising to read that French journalists knew a lot about Whitehead. It is just a conjecture which might be biased by Carlier&rsquo;s sources, and we are still working on this subject. You can find further information <a href="https://www.anciens-aerodromes.com/?p=34938">here.</a></p>



<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
<iframe loading="lazy" title="Local man Gustav Whitehead credited as first to fly" width="1140" height="641" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/eIKLIRRMdk0?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>
</div><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">About Gustave Whitehead with Susan del Bianco, the Kusterer family and Andrew Kosch (picture below)</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">By Calculation, Whitehead Would Have Flown!</h2>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignleft size-full"><a href="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Andy-Kosch.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1004" height="1004" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Andy-Kosch.jpg" alt="Andrew Kosch teacher professeur sciences gustave whitehead flight vol replica réplique number 21B Andy" class="wp-image-12178" style="width:552px;height:auto" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Andy-Kosch.jpg 1004w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Andy-Kosch-300x300.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Andy-Kosch-150x150.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Andy-Kosch-768x768.jpg 768w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Andy-Kosch-100x100.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Andy-Kosch-200x200.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Andy-Kosch-450x450.jpg 450w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Andy-Kosch-600x600.jpg 600w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Andy-Kosch-900x900.jpg 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1004px) 100vw, 1004px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><em>High school science teacher <strong><a href="https://www.ctpost.com/printpromotion/article/Teacher-tries-to-re-enact-Whitehead-flight-6379545.php">Andrew Kosch</a></strong> who flew several times on one of Gustave Whitehead&rsquo;s #21 replicas in Connecticut</em> (A. Kosch in the video above)</figcaption></figure></div>


<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;">At the end of the conference, it was necessary to bring in cogent arguments in order to convince. Charles, Karl and Susan were the only ones who knew about it at the time. I then embarked on a long mathematical and physical demonstration concerning the airworthiness of Whitehead&rsquo;s Number 21 Condor. I knew that there would be several Aerospace Engineers in the audience, experienced pilots, so I could not miss this exercise. I started from the known elements of the <strong><a href="https://www.weisskopf.de/">FFGW</a></strong>, thanks to <strong>Karl Heigold</strong>, concerning the replicas of the Number 21 that actually flew. <strong><a href="http://gustavewhitehead.info/category/first-flight-faqs/">Susan Brinchman</a></strong> and <strong><a href="https://www.firstflight1901.com/about1901.html">Karl Heigold</a></strong> had also provided me with a lot of information about the replicas which flew in Germany and the United States. Charles Lautier, a former gas turbine development engineer, also provided advice. Together with Susan, they gave me all the figures available concerning the #21 from Whitehead. I also have to thank <a href="https://www.ctpost.com/printpromotion/article/Teacher-tries-to-re-enact-Whitehead-flight-6379545.php"><strong>Andrew Kosch</strong></a> who gave us details about his successful flight tests on a replica of the #21. He&rsquo;s pictured above. This teacher is still teaching high school Chemistry, and Anatomy Physiology in Connecticut, and even online during the Covid-19 lockdown. He has little time left to give us so much work. Nevertheless, he gave us valuable information. Many thanks again to Andrew Kosch for that. Last but not least, <strong><a href="https://www.firstflight1901.com/about1901.html">Karl Heigold</a></strong> found a whole set of more detailed figures on the trials held in Germany. It was crucial because this data made it possible to make precise calculations. By putting all these pieces of the puzzle together, I was able to form a basis for a long but relatively simple mathematical problem. It was a question of not losing the thread and I had to comment and make reminders on the elements and formulas stated. As a result, I was able to demonstrate to the audience that Gustave Whitehead&rsquo;s Number 21 had most probably flown. At least the figures we have of the airframe show this according to these calculations. Knowing that Whitehead&rsquo;s strength was the motorization of planes, there is not much room for doubt in this demonstration. I do not know if Whitehead flew because I was not alive at that time, therefore did not see it with my own eyes. However, the demonstration I am developing makes sense because I can see the audience nodding in agreement with the reasoning. I would also like to point out that although the flight of the Wrights&rsquo; Flyer was not totally impossible according to my calculations, it just had far less airworthiness than Whitehead&rsquo;s No. 21. The figures bear this out! The table below from the book <em><strong><a href="https://www.fclanglais.fr/surprise-litteraire-pour-une-autre-histoire-de-laviation/">Une autre histoire de l&rsquo;aviation</a></strong></em> gives an overview of some of the elements. The whole demonstration which still requires further development will be made public this year with the approval of our team.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><a href="https://www.amazon.fr/Autre-Histoire-lAviation-lIndre-Loire/dp/1541120019"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="769" height="810" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Tableau-Comparatif.jpg" alt="Tableau comparatif livre une autre histoire de l'aviation Mojaisky Eole Ader Flugan Nyberg  Gustave Whitehead Gustav Weisskopf Motordraken Jatho Flyer Wright Vuia Drage Ellehammer Santos-Dumont REP Esnault-Pelterie Libellule Bleriot Voisin Farman Navigabilité caracteristiques specifications" class="wp-image-12257" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Tableau-Comparatif.jpg 769w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Tableau-Comparatif-285x300.jpg 285w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Tableau-Comparatif-100x105.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Tableau-Comparatif-150x158.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Tableau-Comparatif-200x211.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Tableau-Comparatif-300x316.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Tableau-Comparatif-450x474.jpg 450w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Tableau-Comparatif-600x632.jpg 600w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 769px) 100vw, 769px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Extrait du livre <em>Une autre histoire de l’aviation</em>, page 254</figcaption></figure></div>


<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Karl Jatho, too, is said to have flown before Dec. 1903</h2>



<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;">8:45 p.m., the conference ends after I have rushed through so much information. I had warned: with Whitehead, I could only get maybe 20% of his whole story through in one conference! Then comes the questions. All of them are interesting. One in particular catches my attention. Jean Molveau asks me about Jatho. I don&rsquo;t understand right away or I think I understand, because I believed that he was talking about JATO (rockets used as a booster for take-off). Indeed, the journalist did very well. I had forgotten about that other German! He would have taken off several months before the first flight of the Wrights&rsquo; Flyer. As with Gustav Weisskopf, the terms of the Wright-Smithsonian contract also cast Karl Jatho&rsquo;s experiments into anonymity. We are in 2020 and this is no longer acceptable. If a professor, or a doctor, or a journalist ever tries to sell you that Jatho was a charlatan or Whitehead was incompetent, first ask yourself if the speaker has any connection to the Smithsonian. Because if Jatho made « leaps », it is still difficult to deny that he could have taken off. One thing is certain: all the archives which agree that he took off in the summer of 1903. As for Whitehead, there are so many arguments in his favour, some 50 eyewitnesses, many under oath, that it is only a matter of time. In any case, the Wright brothers&rsquo; fable will not last forever. Just read the viewpoint of <strong>Gabriel Voisin</strong>, one of the world&rsquo;s leading aircraft manufacturers in the 1910s. To prepare the ground for the conference, I had first passed through the rows his book <em><strong><a href="https://www.amazon.fr/Mes-10000-cerfs-volants-Lordre-jour/dp/B0014NZGG0/">Mes 10 000 cerfs-volants</a></strong></em> opened at Chapter XII to which he gave the title « Un des plus grands bobards de l&rsquo;histoire de l&rsquo;aviation », that is to say, « One of the biggest fibs in the history of aviation ». What is this all about? He narrates, with many arguments and testimonies, the story of the confusion over the Wright brothers&rsquo; flights. Gabriel Voisin does not deny everything. However, he accurately assesses these performances because he knows very well what he is talking about. He qualifies these aerodynes as gliders that were not sufficiently powered. Furthermore, these motorized gliders can only take off with a catapult! Citing these accounts, and the puzzlingly long absences of the Wrights, he concludes that the aerodynes were not really aeroplanes at all. The American author <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Wright-Story-Joe-Bullmer/dp/1439236208"><strong>Joe Bullmer</strong></a> also demonstrates that the famous photos of the Flyer prove absolutely nothing tangible. No commissioners ever observed or validated the 1903 flights. However, commissioners did validate <a href="https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fmuseu14bis%2F"><strong>Alberto Santos-Dumont</strong></a>&lsquo;s flights in 1906. They also validated the first loop of <a href="https://youtu.be/D4KRPlsjpB0"><strong>Henri Farman</strong></a>&lsquo;s flight on January 13, 1908. What is the date of the Wright brothers&rsquo; first official flight? That makes the stance of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane%27s_All_the_World%27s_Aircraft"><strong>Paul A. Jackson FRAeS</strong></a> all the more understandable. How can one remain serious and credible in supporting the primacy of the Wrights&rsquo; flight? If thousands can live with it, it may not be necessary or desirable to persist in the same Wrights way. Moreover, while no commissioner validated Whitehead&rsquo;s flights, Susan Brinchman, Mr. Ed, and her father, Major William J. O&rsquo;Dwyer, filed 50 testimonies, half of which are affidavits. Therefore, from now on, keep a close watch on the name Gustave Whitehead or Gustav Weisskopf, or the Wright-Smithsonian contract case, because like an extinct « volcano », it may well rise from its dormant state again one of these days.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1025" height="395" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Gabriel-Voisin-Mes-10000-Cerfs-Volants-ch-12.jpg" alt="Livre Gabriel Voisin Mes 10000 cerfs-volants book un des plus grands bobards de l'histoire de l'aviation freres Wright vol à voile chapitre XII 12" class="wp-image-12261" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Gabriel-Voisin-Mes-10000-Cerfs-Volants-ch-12.jpg 1025w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Gabriel-Voisin-Mes-10000-Cerfs-Volants-ch-12-300x116.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Gabriel-Voisin-Mes-10000-Cerfs-Volants-ch-12-768x296.jpg 768w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Gabriel-Voisin-Mes-10000-Cerfs-Volants-ch-12-100x39.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Gabriel-Voisin-Mes-10000-Cerfs-Volants-ch-12-150x58.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Gabriel-Voisin-Mes-10000-Cerfs-Volants-ch-12-200x77.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Gabriel-Voisin-Mes-10000-Cerfs-Volants-ch-12-450x173.jpg 450w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Gabriel-Voisin-Mes-10000-Cerfs-Volants-ch-12-600x231.jpg 600w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Gabriel-Voisin-Mes-10000-Cerfs-Volants-ch-12-900x347.jpg 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1025px) 100vw, 1025px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><em>Excerpt from the book by Gabriel Voisin Mes 10 000 cerf-volants &#8211; A whole chapter is devoted to the first flights of the Wright brothers. He shows why he can describe them as fibs.</em></figcaption></figure></div>


<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Memorable Night</h2>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-full"><a href="https://www.weisskopf.de/seite/260886/deutsches-flugpionier-museum.html"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="785" height="900" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Museum-Leutershausen.jpg" alt="Museum Leutershausen Gustav Weisskopf Gustave Whitehead Musee" class="wp-image-12237" style="width:627px;height:auto" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Museum-Leutershausen.jpg 785w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Museum-Leutershausen-262x300.jpg 262w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Museum-Leutershausen-768x881.jpg 768w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Museum-Leutershausen-100x115.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Museum-Leutershausen-150x172.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Museum-Leutershausen-200x229.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Museum-Leutershausen-300x344.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Museum-Leutershausen-450x516.jpg 450w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Museum-Leutershausen-600x688.jpg 600w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 785px) 100vw, 785px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><em>Gustave Whitehead Museum in Leutershausen, Bavaria &#8211; Thanks to FFGW and Karl Heigold &#8211; <a href="https://www.weisskopf.de">www.weisskopf.de</a></em></figcaption></figure></div>


<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Jean-Claude Bourdeaud&rsquo;hui</strong> brings the debates to a close and invites all of us to the social event to end this pleasant evening. I can at last have a chat with my comrades, who came in numbers after all. There are authors, historians, pilots and engineers. I have the honour of meeting several personalities such as <strong>Dagmar Stonus</strong>, M.A., who has come especially from Germany. She tells me that what happened tonight in Paris is very important for <a href="https://www.weisskopf.de/seite/260869/geburtsort.html"><strong>Leutershausen</strong></a>, the birthplace of <strong>Gustav Weisskopf</strong>. Mrs. Stonus is in charge of organizing, together with <a href="https://www.frankonzept.de/"><strong>FranKonzept GbR</strong></a> and Dr. <strong>Laura Gebauer</strong>, the restoration of the <a href="https://www.weisskopf.de/seite/260886/deutsches-flugpionier-museum.html"><strong>Leutershausen Museum</strong></a>. She confirms that the project in the centre of the village, where Whitehead spent his childhood, has managed to raise several million euros. This historic centre mainly dedicated to <strong>Gustav Weisskopf</strong>, celebrates the very first aviation pioneers. It is currently closed for major restoration works and is scheduled to reopen, brand new, in 2022.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignleft size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="284" height="361" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Jules-Verne-Maitre-du-monde.jpg" alt="Jules Verne Maître du monde Robur le conquérant machine volante illustration livre Aéro-Club de France Pierre Baland" class="wp-image-12972" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Jules-Verne-Maitre-du-monde.jpg 284w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Jules-Verne-Maitre-du-monde-236x300.jpg 236w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Jules-Verne-Maitre-du-monde-100x127.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Jules-Verne-Maitre-du-monde-150x191.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Jules-Verne-Maitre-du-monde-200x254.jpg 200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 284px) 100vw, 284px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">From <em>Master of the world</em> by Jules Verne</figcaption></figure></div>


<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;">I have the pleasure and the honour to meet three very interesting experts during this evening. Among them, General <strong>Yvon Goutx</strong>, a former fighter pilot, author of several books including <a href="https://www.amazon.fr/pilote-chasse-pendant-guerre-froide/dp/2702515207/"><em>Le ciel est mon désir</em></a>. He has done extensive research on the most heroic aviators within the <a href="https://www.memorial-des-aviateurs.fr">Aviator&rsquo;s Memorial Association</a> &#8211; <em>Association du Mémorial des Aviateurs (AMA) &#8211; </em>of which he is the Honorary President after founding and chairing it from September 2014 to November 2018. <strong>Georges Simon</strong>, an experienced airline pilot, former director of Air Galilée, and member of the Aéro-Club de France introduces me to the book <a href="https://www.amazon.fr/voyages-Lefranc-Laviation-origines-1914/dp/2203314508/"><em>L’aviation des origines à 1914</em></a> which is quite remarkable. I will then buy it and I also recommend it because it evokes the many attempts which led to the conquest of the air. The illustrations are really beautiful.</p>



<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;">Pierre Baland, another expert and not the least of them, about space this time, enlightened me on an illustration that I had discovered by chance. He will later let me know that the image dated back to 1903. Therefore Gustave Whitehead could not be inspired by Jules Verne in this case. The reverse is not excluded because the pioneers of aviation and the Nantes science fiction author had access to the same publications during their research. Moreover, Robur the Conqueror&rsquo;s aircraft did not have a propeller and, according to the novel, flew with flapping wings. Pierre Baland is a civil space engineer. He has been working for many years as an international sales manager in the aerospace industry. Among other things, he wrote <a href="https://www.amazon.fr/Spoutnik-Lune-Lhistoire-programme-sovi%C3%A9tique/dp/2742769420/"><em>De Spoutnik à la Lune : L’histoire secrète du programme spatial soviétique</em></a> in 2007. He lectures on the theme of space. I was very pleased to see <strong>Éliane Bourguignat</strong> again, who gave me a copy of <strong>Gabriel Voisin</strong>&lsquo;s autograph addressed to her great-great-grandfather, <strong>Charles Dollfus</strong>, the famous aeronaut, author and historian who, along with <strong>Henri Bouché</strong>, wrote the masterpiece <a href="https://www.abebooks.fr/livres/chercher"><em>Histoire de l&rsquo;aéronautique</em></a>.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Association ANCIENS AÉRODROMES</h2>



<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://www.anciens-aerodromes.com/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft  wp-image-13169" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2a-logo.jpg" alt="logo association anciens aerodromes 2a" width="481" height="194" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2a-logo.jpg 580w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2a-logo-300x121.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2a-logo-100x40.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2a-logo-150x61.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2a-logo-200x81.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2a-logo-450x182.jpg 450w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 481px) 100vw, 481px" /></a>I would like to express my special thanks to the President of the association <a href="https://www.anciens-aerodromes.com/">Anciens Aérodromes</a> (2A) <strong>Laurent Bailleul</strong>, who could not come, as well as to the members and comrades of 2A (I am a member of 2A too). Among those who came: <strong>Jean-Claude Courbet</strong>, <strong><a href="https://www.amazon.fr/l/B004N44IBG">Didier Dubant</a></strong>, <strong><a href="https://www.journaldefrancois.fr/conference-lexploit-aviateur-charles-godefroy-daniel-flahaut-montmorency.htm">Daniel Flahaut</a></strong>, <a href="https://www.anciens-aerodromes.com/upload/MagN46Fevrier2014.pdf" class="broken_link" rel="nofollow"><strong>Thierry Géhan</strong></a>, <strong><a href="https://www.cepadues.com/personnes/231/jean-molveau">Jean Molveau</a></strong>, and <strong><a href="https://www.amazon.fr/Gaudart-Pionnier-laviation-Jean-Pierre-Sourdais/dp/B00N0KOUTE/">Jean-Pierre Sourdais</a></strong>. I would like to thank again all those who worked on <a href="https://www.anciens-aerodromes.com/?p=34938">Carlier&rsquo;s films evoking Whitehead</a>: <strong>Jean-Luc Charles</strong>, Daniel Flahaut and our president Laurent Bailleul. Anciens Aérodromes is a member of the <strong>Aéro-Club de France</strong>, <a href="https://aeroclub.com/les-commissions/commission-patrimoine/">Commission Patrimoine</a>. Thanks to their work, the history of aviation can be more widely shared and better understood. <a href="https://www.anciens-aerodromes.com/?page_id=32520">The Atlas of 2A</a> can be of use to all historians and enthusiasts, as well as their 50,000 photos on <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/2aa/">their Flickr account</a> and their riveting videos on their <a href="https://webtv.anciens-aerodromes.com/">Web-TV</a>. Many thanks again.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Gustave Whitehead first in flight or not? Conclusion:</h2>



<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;">On the one hand I have not proved that Gustave Whitehead was on an official flight. On the other hand, <strong>I have mathematically demonstrated before a panel of experts that Whitehead&rsquo;s #21 was much more capable of flying than the Wright brothers&rsquo; Flyer 1</strong>. This demonstration should be published this year in the form of a book co-authored with <strong><a href="https://profaxtonseven.wordpress.com/">Denys Karakaya</a></strong> <strong>who has started another study on Gustave Whitehead&rsquo;s No. 21</strong>. The possibility of <strong>an earlier flight than that of the Wrights is becoming more likely</strong>. This is becoming increasingly noticeable in aeronautical and general publications. Some of the most popular are Wikipedia pages, such as this one: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_flying_machines#Adding_power">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_flying_machines#Adding_power</a> . If we look at the page history, we can see a change in the discourse towards Gustave Whitehead. It may well be that one day we will once again consider <strong>the positive virtues attributed to doubt</strong>, that we will stop making peremptory statements about the primacy of flight by the Wright brothers, such as « <em>they invented everything about aviation</em> » (déjà vu). I still teach it because it is in the syllabus, but I now know that it is very simplistic and inaccurate. <strong><a href="https://www.amazon.fr/Mes-10000-cerfs-volants-Lordre-jour/dp/B0014NZGG0/">Gabriel Voisin</a></strong> and <strong><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Wright-Story-Joe-Bullmer/dp/1439236208/">Joe Bullmer</a></strong> have already <strong>seriously questioned the Wright brothers&rsquo; first supposed flights</strong>. According to my demonstration, the figures assume that the flights of the Flyer 1 were not absolutely impossible, but <strong>rather on the verge of the possible, and even more dangerous</strong>. With all the elements accumulated notably since 1963 by <strong>the O&rsquo;Dwyer-Brinchman family</strong> on <strong>Gustave Whitehead</strong>, this German pilot who emigrated to the United States <strong>should</strong> finally be more widely recognized as <strong>the first to have accomplished a powered and controlled human flight</strong>. This is not yet the case, but it is only a matter of time as research continues and so does the work. I would like to thank very sincerely all my friends cited in this article who have helped me so many times to understand the story of Gustave Whitehead. Many thanks to the <strong><a href="https://aeroclub.com/">Aéro-Club de France</a></strong>, and their President <strong><a href="https://www.catherine-maunoury.fr/">Catherine Maunoury</a></strong>, as well as their <a href="https://aeroclub.com/les-commissions/commission-histoire-arts-et-lettres/">HAL Commission (History, Arts and Letters)</a> and <strong>Jean-Claude Bourdeaud&rsquo;hui</strong> for inviting me to present my arguments in public on a very sensitive subject.</p>



<p class="has-medium-font-size" style="text-align: justify;">Last but not least, you can see a <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place//data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x47e66fef89cd5993:0xc28fba56f0e7141f?source=g.page.default&amp;ucbcb=1">virtual tour of the Aéro-Club de France</a></p>
<p><iframe loading="lazy" style="border: 0;" tabindex="0" src="https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d20997.31613521584!2d2.27481306173503!3d48.86460738109975!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x47e66fef89cd5993%3A0xc28fba56f0e7141f!2sA%C3%A9ro-Club%20de%20France!5e0!3m2!1sfr!2sfr!4v1587223549610!5m2!1sfr!2sfr" width="800" height="600" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" aria-hidden="false"></iframe></p>
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		<title>Maxime LENOIR &#8211; L&#8217;as de Verdun disparaît le 25 octobre 1916</title>
		<link>https://airforces.fr/2019/10/25/maxime-lenoir-las-de-verdun-disparait-le-25-octobre-1916/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Toni GIACOIA]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 25 Oct 2019 19:42:35 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[20th Century]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Spad VII]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Touraine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Verdun]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[WWI]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://airforces.fr/?p=12030</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Souvenez-vous de Maxime Lenoir, cet as de Touraine revient à plusieurs reprises sur ce blog. Car aujourd&#8217;hui, il y a exactement 103 ans, il était porté disparu loin derrière les lignes ennemies au nord de Verdun Après avoir obtenu son<span class="ellipsis">&#8230;</span></p>
<div class="read-more"><a href="https://airforces.fr/2019/10/25/maxime-lenoir-las-de-verdun-disparait-le-25-octobre-1916/">Lire la suite <span class="screen-reader-text">Maxime LENOIR &#8211; L&#8217;as de Verdun disparaît le 25 octobre 1916</span><span class="meta-nav"> &#8250;</span></a></div>
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<p>The post <a href="https://airforces.fr/2019/10/25/maxime-lenoir-las-de-verdun-disparait-le-25-octobre-1916/">Maxime LENOIR &#8211; L&rsquo;as de Verdun disparaît le 25 octobre 1916</a> appeared first on <a href="https://airforces.fr">AVIATION ENGLISH</a>.</p>
]]></description>
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<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="919" height="871" src="/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/as_de_verdun.jpg" alt="Maxime LENOIR posant devant son aéroplane Nieuport. As de Verdun, aviateur, héros, " class="wp-image-12031" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/as_de_verdun.jpg 919w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/as_de_verdun-300x284.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/as_de_verdun-768x728.jpg 768w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/as_de_verdun-100x95.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/as_de_verdun-150x142.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/as_de_verdun-200x190.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/as_de_verdun-450x426.jpg 450w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/as_de_verdun-600x569.jpg 600w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/as_de_verdun-900x853.jpg 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 919px) 100vw, 919px" /><figcaption>Maxime LENOIR posant devant son aéroplane Nieuport en 1916</figcaption></figure></div>


<p style="text-align: justify;">Souvenez-vous de Maxime Lenoir, cet as de Touraine revient à plusieurs reprises sur <a href="/tag/maxime-lenoir/">ce blog</a>. Car aujourd&rsquo;hui, il y a exactement 103 ans, il était porté disparu loin derrière les lignes ennemies au nord de Verdun</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Après avoir obtenu son brevet de pilote en 1913, il devient rapidement un excellent aviateur pour les acrobaties aériennes à l&rsquo;école de pilotage de Buc, à l&rsquo;<a href="/tag/buc/">Aéroparc de Louis Blériot</a>. La guerre éclate et il rejoint la cavalerie avant de devenir un des premiers pilotes de chasse <a href="/2014/12/22/among-greatest-pilots-maxime-lenoir-destiny/">au palmarès impressionnant</a> pour l&rsquo;époque.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="alignright is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/20161111MaximeLenoir_42_drl.jpg" alt="Commémoration Maxime Lenoir 11 novembre 2016 école" class="wp-image-10888" width="363" height="479"/><figcaption>Portail de l&rsquo;école Maxime LENOIR à Chargé en Indre-et-Loire</figcaption></figure></div>


<h2>Reconnaissance d&rsquo;un héros oublié</h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Sa famille restera longtemps dans une tristesse insondable face à cette disparition soudaine qui laissera le meilleur as de la bataille de Verdun (avec Navarre et Nungesser) dans l&rsquo;oubli pendant un siècle. Heureusement, il y a aujourd&rsquo;hui de quoi se réjouir: après une cérémonie à Chargé, son village natal, et une plaque dévoilée devant l&rsquo;école qu&rsquo;il fréquentait, rebaptisée à son nom le 1er novembre 1916, après une salle de cours « Maxime LENOIR » inaugurée au CLAS 00.307 (Centre de Langue Aéronautique Spécialisé de l&rsquo;armée de l&rsquo;air,) la superbe dérive d&rsquo;Alphajet peinte à son effigie pour <a href="https://youtu.be/3jT9Xg_-yBs?t=229">Alphajet Solo Display</a>, c&rsquo;est l&rsquo;Institution Marmoutier et Pierre Rampini qui ont décidé de donner le nom de baptême Maxime LENOIR à leur promotion du BIA (Brevet d&rsquo;Initiation Aéronautique.)</p>
<h2>Au panthéon du Bourget</h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Les journaux et magazines dont le Fana de l&rsquo;aviation lui ont attribué de larges extrait avec des recherches supplémentaires. Enfin et surtout, c&rsquo;est Yvon Goutx (2S), auteur et membre de l&rsquo;<a href="https://www.memorial-des-aviateurs.fr/">Association du Mémorial des Aviateurs</a> (AMA) qui a choisi d&rsquo;intégrer Maxime Lenoir parmi « Les Légendes » de l&rsquo;espace mémoriel au <a href="https://www.museeairespace.fr/">Musée de l&rsquo;air et de l&rsquo;espace</a> du Bourget.</p>
<p>Au plus fort de la bataille de Verdun, le lendemain de la reprise du fort de Douaumont, <strong>Maxime Lenoir</strong> devenait ce 25 octobre 1916 le 7e pilote français mort au combat sur son SPAD VII « <em><strong>Trompe la Mort</strong></em>« , mais il était aussi à ce moment-là:</p>
<p><strong>L’as des as de Verdun </strong>depuis 3 mois<br /><strong>L’As des as des Alliés morts au combat</strong><br /><strong>Le 1<sup class="typo_exposants">er</sup> double as français mort au combat</strong><br />Le 3<sup class="typo_exposants">e</sup> as au monde en nombre de victoires parmi les pilotes morts au combat<br />Le 3<sup class="typo_exposants">e</sup> as français mort au combat après Pégoud et de Rochefort</p>
<h2>Bullard et Lenoir sur Alphajet Solo Display</h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;">C&rsquo;est sans doute le destin qui a placé Eugene Bullard de l&rsquo;autre côté de la dérive sur les avions d&rsquo;Alphajet Solo Display. Car lui aussi vient d&rsquo;être plus amplement reconnu avec une statue érigée aux États-Unis. Souvenons-nous d&rsquo;eux, souvenons-nous qu&rsquo;un 25 octobre un jeune Tourangeau de Chargé décollait pour partir en solo à bord de son SPAD VII portant sur les flancs « TROMPE LA MORT » comme pour se donner du courage. Hélas, le soir de cette journée fatale, il n&rsquo;est pas revenu. Ce n&rsquo;est que bien plus tard, grâce au journaliste <a href="https://aeroplanedetouraine.fr/" class="broken_link" rel="nofollow">Didier Lecoq</a>, qu&rsquo;on a découvert <a href="/2016/11/13/maxime-lenoir-celebre/">une photo de la carcasse de son SPAD VII</a> détruite avec une croix en bois gravée par les Allemands qui lui rendirent un dernier hommage. D&rsquo;après <a href="https://www.amazon.fr/stores/Jean-Marc-Binot/author/B001JOXHRE?ref=ap_rdr&amp;isDramIntegrated=true&amp;shoppingPortalEnabled=true">Jean-Marc Binot</a> et son livre « <a href="https://www.amazon.fr/Georges-Guynemer-Jean-Marc-Binot/dp/2213677638/" class="broken_link" rel="nofollow">Georges Guynemer</a>« , aux éditions Fayard, page 305, on peut lire:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>« Journal socialiste de Milan, Il Popolo, relate les funérailles rendues au capitaine </em>(Guynemer), <em>tout comme la Stampa de Turin, qui loue l&rsquo;attitude chevaleresque des Allemands. Ce type d&rsquo;hommage entre ennemis n&rsquo;a rien d&rsquo;invraisemblable. Descendu à Verdun, un autre as, l&rsquo;adjudant Maxime Lenoir, aurait également bénéficié d&rsquo;un cérémonial particulier et d&rsquo;une tombe ornée des ailerons de son appareil. »</em></p>


<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="607" height="575" src="/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/cartes_maxime_lenoir.jpg" alt="Cartes à jouer sur les as de la grande guerre avec Nungesser, Chaput, Beauchamp, Maxime Lenoir, Ménard, Navarre, Georges Guynemer, guerre 14-18 aviation" class="wp-image-12034" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/cartes_maxime_lenoir.jpg 607w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/cartes_maxime_lenoir-300x284.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/cartes_maxime_lenoir-100x95.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/cartes_maxime_lenoir-150x142.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/cartes_maxime_lenoir-200x189.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/cartes_maxime_lenoir-450x426.jpg 450w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/cartes_maxime_lenoir-600x568.jpg 600w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 607px) 100vw, 607px" /><figcaption>Maxime LENOIR parmi les plus grands</figcaption></figure></div>
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			</item>
		<item>
		<title>L&#8217;EXPLOIT DE FARMAN du 13 janvier 1908</title>
		<link>https://airforces.fr/2019/01/13/lexploit-de-farman-du-13-janvier-1908/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Toni GIACOIA]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 13 Jan 2019 18:51:49 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[20th Century]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Antoinette]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Feats]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[France]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Henry Farman]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pioneers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aeroclub de France]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AVIATION]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Deutsch-Archdeacon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Farman]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Histoire de l'aviation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[HISTORY]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Issy-les-Moulineaux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Levavasseur]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Monument]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Paris]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Record breaking]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Records]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Voisin]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://airforces.fr/?p=11539</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>De cette manière, il est le premier au monde officiellement à le faire car les frères Wright n&#8217;ont pas convié de commissaires pour valider leurs circuits revendiqués de 1904. Il y avait beaucoup de concurrents pour couvrir le premier kilomètre<span class="ellipsis">&#8230;</span></p>
<div class="read-more"><a href="https://airforces.fr/2019/01/13/lexploit-de-farman-du-13-janvier-1908/">Lire la suite <span class="screen-reader-text">L&#8217;EXPLOIT DE FARMAN du 13 janvier 1908</span><span class="meta-nav"> &#8250;</span></a></div>
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<p>The post <a href="https://airforces.fr/2019/01/13/lexploit-de-farman-du-13-janvier-1908/">L&rsquo;EXPLOIT DE FARMAN du 13 janvier 1908</a> appeared first on <a href="https://airforces.fr">AVIATION ENGLISH</a>.</p>
]]></description>
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<p></p>



<p align="justify">De cette manière, il est le premier au monde officiellement à le faire car les frères Wright n&rsquo;ont pas convié de commissaires pour valider leurs circuits revendiqués de 1904. Il y avait beaucoup de concurrents pour couvrir le premier kilomètre en boucle mais Henri Farman l&rsquo;a fait à temps sur le terrain d&rsquo;Issy-les-Moulineaux grâce à un aéroplane modifié des frères Voisin et un moteur Antoinette de Léon Levavasseur. A l&rsquo;occasion de cet anniversaire, je vous offre quelques pages sur l&rsquo;exploit de Henri Farman tirées du livre « Une autre histoire de l&rsquo;aviation ». Cliquez sur <a href="/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/farman_airforces.pdf">ce lien</a> ou sur l&rsquo;image ci-dessous pour lire cet évènement historique:</p>



<p></p>



<figure class="wp-block-image"><a href="/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/farman_airforces.pdf"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="629" src="/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/1908_0113_h_farman_gd_prix_4-1024x629.jpg" alt="Ce lundi matin du 13 janvier 1908 Henri Farman s'élance dans la plaine d'Issy-les-Moulineaux devant les spectateurs qui exultent. Il réalise pour la première fois au monde un circuit fermé devant des commissaires et remporte le Grand Prix Deutsch-Archdeacon. Collection Toni Giacoia Record, aviation, Paris, Balard, Antoinette, Voisin, Aéroplane, Pionniers, Aérodyne, Aéronautique, Avion, Concours, Course aérienne, Biplan" class="wp-image-11541" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/1908_0113_h_farman_gd_prix_4-1024x629.jpg 1024w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/1908_0113_h_farman_gd_prix_4-300x184.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/1908_0113_h_farman_gd_prix_4-768x472.jpg 768w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/1908_0113_h_farman_gd_prix_4-100x61.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/1908_0113_h_farman_gd_prix_4-150x92.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/1908_0113_h_farman_gd_prix_4-200x123.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/1908_0113_h_farman_gd_prix_4-450x277.jpg 450w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/1908_0113_h_farman_gd_prix_4-600x369.jpg 600w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/1908_0113_h_farman_gd_prix_4-900x553.jpg 900w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/1908_0113_h_farman_gd_prix_4.jpg 1640w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Ce lundi matin du 13 janvier 1908 Henri Farman s&rsquo;élance sur son biplan dans la plaine d&rsquo;Issy-les-Moulineaux devant les spectateurs qui exultent. Il réalise pour la première fois au monde un circuit fermé devant des commissaires et remporte le Grand Prix Deutsch-Archdeacon.  Photo Agence Rol 1908</figcaption></figure>



<p>Superbe film qui permet de découvrir Henri Farman et en particulier son exploit du 13 janvier 1908 après 3&rsquo;10 »:</p>



<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
<iframe loading="lazy" title="n00a 2008 Mais qui est donc Henry Farman ?" width="1140" height="641" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/D4KRPlsjpB0?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>
</div></figure>



<p align="justify">On peut toujours voir la stèle qui commémore cet exploit mondial à Paris. Il suffit de sortir de la station de métro de Balard et c&rsquo;est juste après le tunnel du périphérique sur la droite. C&rsquo;est juste à côté de la station de Tramway Suzanne Lenglen. Il reste encore un héliport devant les locaux de la DGAC et la boucle du parcours de santé entre l&rsquo;Aquaboulevard et l&rsquo;héliport correspond à peu de choses près à la boucle de Farman sauf qu&rsquo;il est probablement parti depuis un lieu un peu plus au nord-est du tunnel sous le périphérique. C&rsquo;est là que les frères Voisin construirent leurs succès. Deux ans plus tard, Henri Coanda fera une première tentative de vol avec un moteur à réaction depuis ce même terrain qui faisait partie d&rsquo;Issy-les-Moulineaux alors que c&rsquo;est aujourd&rsquo;hui un quartier de Paris.</p>



<p></p>



<p>Quelques photos du monument prises en août 2018:</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="1024" src="/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20180831_farman_466b-768x1024.jpg" alt="Le monument à la gloire des pionniers de l'aviaiton Henri Farman, les frères Voisin et Léon Levavasseur pour le premier kilomètre en boucle accompli le 13 janvier 1908" class="wp-image-11550" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20180831_farman_466b-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20180831_farman_466b-225x300.jpg 225w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20180831_farman_466b-100x133.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20180831_farman_466b-150x200.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20180831_farman_466b-200x267.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20180831_farman_466b-300x400.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20180831_farman_466b-450x600.jpg 450w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20180831_farman_466b-600x800.jpg 600w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20180831_farman_466b-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20180831_farman_466b.jpg 1704w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Le monument à la gloire des pionniers de l&rsquo;aviation : Henri Farman, les frères Voisin et Léon Levavasseur pour le premier kilomètre en boucle accompli le 13 janvier 1908</figcaption></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="886" height="1024" src="/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20180831_farman_481b-886x1024.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-11552" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20180831_farman_481b-886x1024.jpg 886w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20180831_farman_481b-260x300.jpg 260w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20180831_farman_481b-768x887.jpg 768w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20180831_farman_481b-100x116.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20180831_farman_481b-150x173.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20180831_farman_481b-200x231.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20180831_farman_481b-300x347.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20180831_farman_481b-450x520.jpg 450w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20180831_farman_481b-600x693.jpg 600w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20180831_farman_481b-900x1040.jpg 900w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20180831_farman_481b.jpg 1586w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 886px) 100vw, 886px" /></figure>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="551" height="426" src="/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20180831_farman_482c.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-11553" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20180831_farman_482c.jpg 551w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20180831_farman_482c-300x232.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20180831_farman_482c-100x77.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20180831_farman_482c-150x116.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20180831_farman_482c-200x155.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20180831_farman_482c-450x348.jpg 450w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 551px) 100vw, 551px" /></figure></div>


<figure class="wp-block-image"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="907" src="/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20180831_farman_472b-1024x907.jpg" alt="Livre Une autre histoire de l'aviation devant la stèle du monument Henri Farman frères Voisin Levavasseur moteur Antoinette pour le premier kilomètre bouclé le 13 janvier 1908 à Issy-les-Moulineaux, aujourd'hui Paris" class="wp-image-11554" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20180831_farman_472b-1024x907.jpg 1024w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20180831_farman_472b-300x266.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20180831_farman_472b-768x680.jpg 768w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20180831_farman_472b-100x89.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20180831_farman_472b-150x133.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20180831_farman_472b-200x177.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20180831_farman_472b-450x398.jpg 450w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20180831_farman_472b-600x531.jpg 600w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20180831_farman_472b-900x797.jpg 900w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20180831_farman_472b-1200x1063.jpg 1200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20180831_farman_472b.jpg 1920w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">La page 303 du livre « Une autre histoire de l&rsquo;aviation » évoquant l&rsquo;évènement devant la stèle.</figcaption></figure>



<p>Le livre « Une autre histoire de l&rsquo;aviation » est disponible ici: <a href="https://www.fclanglais.fr/livre/">https://fclanglais.fr/livre/</a></p>



<p>Voici le plan pour vous rendre au monument: <a href="https://www.google.fr/maps/dir//Javel,+Paris/@48.8336956,2.2761101,45m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m8!4m7!1m0!1m5!1m1!1s0x47e6700b384e73cb:0x241a2e976079bfb8!2m2!1d2.2785604!2d48.8399261?shorturl=1">https://goo.gl/maps/8pS6LGNSVj92</a></p>



<p>Enfin, je vous souhaite une très bonne année 2019, et à bientôt.</p>
<div class="synved-social-container synved-social-container-share" style="text-align: right"><a class="synved-social-button synved-social-button-share synved-social-size-64 synved-social-resolution-single synved-social-provider-facebook nolightbox" data-provider="facebook" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" title="Share on Facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fairforces.fr%2F%3Fp%3D11539&#038;t=L%E2%80%99EXPLOIT%20DE%20FARMAN%20du%2013%20janvier%201908&#038;s=100&#038;p&#091;url&#093;=https%3A%2F%2Fairforces.fr%2F%3Fp%3D11539&#038;p&#091;images&#093;&#091;0&#093;=%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F01%2F1908_0113_h_farman_gd_prix_4-1024x629.jpg&#038;p&#091;title&#093;=L%E2%80%99EXPLOIT%20DE%20FARMAN%20du%2013%20janvier%201908" style="font-size: 0px;width:64px;height:64px;margin:0;margin-bottom:35px;margin-right:35px"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt="Facebook" title="Share on Facebook" class="synved-share-image synved-social-image synved-social-image-share" width="64" height="64" style="display: inline;width:64px;height:64px;margin: 0;padding: 0;border: none;box-shadow: none" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/plugins/social-media-feather/synved-social/image/social/regular/128x128/facebook.png" /></a><a class="synved-social-button synved-social-button-share synved-social-size-64 synved-social-resolution-single synved-social-provider-twitter nolightbox" data-provider="twitter" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" title="Share on Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fairforces.fr%2F%3Fp%3D11539&#038;text=via%20%40fclanglais" style="font-size: 0px;width:64px;height:64px;margin:0;margin-bottom:35px;margin-right:35px"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt="twitter" title="Share on Twitter" class="synved-share-image synved-social-image synved-social-image-share" width="64" height="64" style="display: inline;width:64px;height:64px;margin: 0;padding: 0;border: none;box-shadow: none" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/plugins/social-media-feather/synved-social/image/social/regular/128x128/twitter.png" /></a><a class="synved-social-button synved-social-button-share synved-social-size-64 synved-social-resolution-single synved-social-provider-linkedin nolightbox" data-provider="linkedin" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" title="Share on Linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&#038;url=https%3A%2F%2Fairforces.fr%2F%3Fp%3D11539&#038;title=L%E2%80%99EXPLOIT%20DE%20FARMAN%20du%2013%20janvier%201908" style="font-size: 0px;width:64px;height:64px;margin:0;margin-bottom:35px;margin-right:35px"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt="linkedin" title="Share on Linkedin" class="synved-share-image synved-social-image synved-social-image-share" width="64" height="64" style="display: inline;width:64px;height:64px;margin: 0;padding: 0;border: none;box-shadow: none" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/plugins/social-media-feather/synved-social/image/social/regular/128x128/linkedin.png" /></a><a class="synved-social-button synved-social-button-share synved-social-size-64 synved-social-resolution-single synved-social-provider-mail nolightbox" data-provider="mail" rel="nofollow" title="Share by email" href="mailto:?subject=L%E2%80%99EXPLOIT%20DE%20FARMAN%20du%2013%20janvier%201908&#038;body=via%20%40fclanglais:%20https%3A%2F%2Fairforces.fr%2F%3Fp%3D11539" style="font-size: 0px;width:64px;height:64px;margin:0;margin-bottom:35px"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt="mail" title="Share by email" class="synved-share-image synved-social-image synved-social-image-share" width="64" height="64" style="display: inline;width:64px;height:64px;margin: 0;padding: 0;border: none;box-shadow: none" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/plugins/social-media-feather/synved-social/image/social/regular/128x128/mail.png" /></a></div><p>The post <a href="https://airforces.fr/2019/01/13/lexploit-de-farman-du-13-janvier-1908/">L&rsquo;EXPLOIT DE FARMAN du 13 janvier 1908</a> appeared first on <a href="https://airforces.fr">AVIATION ENGLISH</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
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		<title>UNE AUTRE HISTOIRE DE L&#8217;AVIATION DISPONIBLE EN EBOOK</title>
		<link>https://airforces.fr/2018/02/28/une-autre-histoire-de-laviation-disponible-en-ebook/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Toni G.]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 27 Feb 2018 22:10:40 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[HISTORY]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[World War 1]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ebook]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Livre]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Maxime Lenoir]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[WW1]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[WWI]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://airforces.fr/?p=11445</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Ça y est! Plus d&#8217;un an après la sortie du livre papier Une autre histoire de l&#8217;aviation, la version ebook est enfin sortie chez Kindle et elle est aussi téléchargeable sur tablettes et téléphones portables à cette adresse: https://www.amazon.fr/Autre-Histoire-lAviation-lIndre-Loire-ebook/dp/B01MZ1LMXE/ .<span class="ellipsis">&#8230;</span></p>
<div class="read-more"><a href="https://airforces.fr/2018/02/28/une-autre-histoire-de-laviation-disponible-en-ebook/">Lire la suite <span class="screen-reader-text">UNE AUTRE HISTOIRE DE L&#8217;AVIATION DISPONIBLE EN EBOOK</span><span class="meta-nav"> &#8250;</span></a></div>
<p><!-- end of .read-more --></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://airforces.fr/2018/02/28/une-autre-histoire-de-laviation-disponible-en-ebook/">UNE AUTRE HISTOIRE DE L&rsquo;AVIATION DISPONIBLE EN EBOOK</a> appeared first on <a href="https://airforces.fr">AVIATION ENGLISH</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft wp-image-11448" src="/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/20140822_une-autre_p281.jpg" alt="Livre une autre histoire de l'aviation chapitre 7 merveilleux fous volants dans leurs drôles de machines" width="452" height="660" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/20140822_une-autre_p281.jpg 611w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/20140822_une-autre_p281-205x300.jpg 205w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/20140822_une-autre_p281-100x146.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/20140822_une-autre_p281-150x219.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/20140822_une-autre_p281-200x292.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/20140822_une-autre_p281-300x438.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/20140822_une-autre_p281-450x657.jpg 450w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/20140822_une-autre_p281-600x876.jpg 600w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 452px) 100vw, 452px" />Ça y est! Plus d&rsquo;un an après la sortie du <a href="https://www.amazon.fr/dp/1541120019/">livre papier Une autre histoire de l&rsquo;aviation</a>, la version ebook est enfin sortie chez Kindle et elle est aussi téléchargeable sur tablettes et téléphones portables à cette adresse: <a href="https://www.amazon.fr/Autre-Histoire-lAviation-lIndre-Loire-ebook/dp/B01MZ1LMXE/">https://www.amazon.fr/Autre-Histoire-lAviation-lIndre-Loire-ebook/dp/B01MZ1LMXE/ </a> . Non seulement vous pouvez prêter ce livre numérique à un ami pendant 14 jours mais vous pouvez le lire directement si vous avez souscrit à l&rsquo;abonnement Kindle. Ce livre étonnant, riche en surprises comporte 333 illustrations. Il nécessitait une mise en page retravaillée pour les besoins du numérique, ainsi que des modifications dans une version enrichies. De nombreuses annotations apparaissent en notes de bas de page, une table des matières au début et à la fin du livre permettent d&rsquo;aller directement aux parties de votre choix et l&rsquo;index a été supprimé car les liseuses et tablettes permettent de trouver ce que vous cherchez.</p>
<p align="justify">Il est en vente à 9,93 € mais il ne vous en coûtera que 2,99 € si vous achetez un livre broché ( 29,96 € avec la nouvelle version revue et enrichie). Un échantillon est consultable ci-dessous, en bas à gauche.</p>
<p align="justify">C&rsquo;est le livre qu&rsquo;il vous faut si vous souhaitez comprendre en quoi consistait la conquête de l&rsquo;air depuis l&rsquo;antiquité jusqu&rsquo;aux débuts de la guerre aérienne au dessus de Verdun avec le héros tourangeau Maxime Lenoir, le premier double as français mort au combat, le meilleur des aviateurs de Verdun entre juillet et octobre 1916.</p>
<p align="justify"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-11449 alignright" src="/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/sphinxaile100x295.jpg" alt="" width="295" height="100" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/sphinxaile100x295.jpg 295w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/sphinxaile100x295-100x34.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/sphinxaile100x295-150x51.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/sphinxaile100x295-200x68.jpg 200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 295px) 100vw, 295px" /></p>
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<p>The post <a href="https://airforces.fr/2018/02/28/une-autre-histoire-de-laviation-disponible-en-ebook/">UNE AUTRE HISTOIRE DE L&rsquo;AVIATION DISPONIBLE EN EBOOK</a> appeared first on <a href="https://airforces.fr">AVIATION ENGLISH</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
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		<item>
		<title>CENTENAIRE DE LA DISPARITION DE GUYNEMER</title>
		<link>https://airforces.fr/2017/10/07/centenaire-de-la-disparition-de-guynemer/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Toni G.]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 07 Oct 2017 18:22:21 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[20th Century]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[France]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Morane-Saulnier]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nieuport]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[SPAD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[WW1]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[aéronautique]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Association]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bilingual]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[BILINGUE]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Book]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Charge]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Clerget Blin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dédicace]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Didier Lecoq]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Engine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Exhibition]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Exposition]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fondett'Ailes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fondettes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Français]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Georges Guynemer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gérard Souedet]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Guynemer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[HISTORY]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Indre-et-Loire]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Livre]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Loire]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Louis XII]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Maxime Lenoir]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[NEWS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[PILOTS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[The Loire valley]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Touraine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Victory]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[WWI]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>(Same article in English at the bottom of this page) L&#8217;association Fondett&#8217;Ailes a bien fait les choses en ce samedi 30 septembre et dimanche 1er octobre 2017 à Fondettes, près de Tours. L&#8217;exposition démarrait avec une présentation de l&#8217;icône de<span class="ellipsis">&#8230;</span></p>
<div class="read-more"><a href="https://airforces.fr/2017/10/07/centenaire-de-la-disparition-de-guynemer/">Lire la suite <span class="screen-reader-text">CENTENAIRE DE LA DISPARITION DE GUYNEMER</span><span class="meta-nav"> &#8250;</span></a></div>
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<p>The post <a href="https://airforces.fr/2017/10/07/centenaire-de-la-disparition-de-guynemer/">CENTENAIRE DE LA DISPARITION DE GUYNEMER</a> appeared first on <a href="https://airforces.fr">AVIATION ENGLISH</a>.</p>
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										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/20171001_fondettailes_article_photo_nr.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-11369" src="/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/20171001_fondettailes_article_photo_nr.jpg" alt="Gérard Souedet, Toni Giacoia et des visiteurs. Exposition Fondett'Ailes à Fondettes sur le centenaire de la disparition de Guynemer et dédicace du livre Une autre histoire de l'aviation" width="1020" height="573" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/20171001_fondettailes_article_photo_nr.jpg 1020w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/20171001_fondettailes_article_photo_nr-300x169.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/20171001_fondettailes_article_photo_nr-768x431.jpg 768w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/20171001_fondettailes_article_photo_nr-100x56.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/20171001_fondettailes_article_photo_nr-150x84.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/20171001_fondettailes_article_photo_nr-200x112.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/20171001_fondettailes_article_photo_nr-450x253.jpg 450w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/20171001_fondettailes_article_photo_nr-600x337.jpg 600w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/20171001_fondettailes_article_photo_nr-900x506.jpg 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px" /></a></p>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;"><em>(Same article in English at the bottom of this page)</em></h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">L&rsquo;association <a href="http://www.fondett-ailes.fr/index.php/fr/">Fondett&rsquo;Ailes</a> a bien fait les choses en ce samedi 30 septembre et dimanche 1er octobre 2017 à Fondettes, près de Tours. L&rsquo;exposition démarrait avec une présentation de l&rsquo;icône de l&rsquo;aéronautique militaire française de la Grande Guerre, le Capitaine Georges Guynemer, l&rsquo;as aux 53 victoires homologuées. On y découvrait ce jeune homme chétif, au caractère déjà bien trempé. Guynemer venait d&rsquo;une famille de la bourgeoisie qui descendait de Louis XII. Il n&rsquo;était pas vraiment destiné à devenir un des plus brillants aviateurs au monde. Cependant l&rsquo;opiniâtreté du capitaine de l&rsquo;escadrille des Cigognes le menèrent au firmament de la gloire lorsqu&rsquo;il fût abattu le 11 septembre 1917 à Poelkappelle. Des maquettes étaient exposées et en particulier celles qui furent frappées du « Vieux Charles » de Guynemer: Morane-Saulnier, Nieuport et SPAD, ainsi que d&rsquo;autres maquettes d&rsquo;avions d&rsquo;époque et d&rsquo;appareils pilotés par ses victimes. Des extraits de  journaux rapportaient les combats aériens qu&rsquo;il a livrés des débuts à la fin tragique qui conserve toujours une part de mystère.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">L&rsquo;exposition rendait aussi hommage aux autres grands as de la période 14-18 avec notamment Dorme, Nungesser, Navarre et le héros local Maxime Lenoir. Depuis que le journaliste Didier Lecoq a retrouvé sa trace et que<a href="http://www.charge37.fr/fr/en-images-diaporama/64266/11-novembre-2016"> le village de Chargé a commémoré la disparition de l&rsquo;as tourangeau</a>, meilleur as de Verdun entre juin et octobre 1916, les Tourangeaux, les amateurs de la Grande Guerre et les historiens ont pu découvrir, ou redécouvrir pour certains, « Le Guynemer de la Touraine » grâce à un panneau entièrement consacré à Maxime Lenoir et ses exploits. Des uniformes des aviateurs, masque à gaz et fléchettes étaient présentés et surtout trois pièces de collection spectaculaires: une grande hélice, un appareil de photographie aérienne Gaumont aux dimensions étonnantes et un superbe moteur rotatif Clerget Blin avec ses neuf cylindres, immanquable.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Enfin, le livre <em>Une autre histoire de l&rsquo;aviation</em> était présenté en dédicace. Vous pouvez consulter l&rsquo;article de La Nouvelle République ci-dessous ou directement sur ce lien: <a href="https://www.lanouvellerepublique.fr/indre-et-loire/commune/fondettes/georges-guynemer-as-des-as-cent-ans-apres" class="broken_link" rel="nofollow">https://www.lanouvellerepublique.fr/tours/georges-guynemer-as-des-as-cent-ans-apres</a></p>
<p><a href="/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/20171007_fondettailes_moteur_clerget_blin.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-11370" src="/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/20171007_fondettailes_moteur_clerget_blin.jpg" alt="Article de la Nouvelle République sur l'exposition de Fondett'Ailes (président Gérard Souedet) à Fondettes, salle Jacques Villeret au centre culturel de l'Aubrière. Centenaire de la disparition du capitaine Georges Guynemer, dédicace du livre Une autre histoire de l'aviation de Toni Giacoia, moteur Clerget Blin" width="810" height="579" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/20171007_fondettailes_moteur_clerget_blin.jpg 810w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/20171007_fondettailes_moteur_clerget_blin-300x214.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/20171007_fondettailes_moteur_clerget_blin-768x549.jpg 768w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/20171007_fondettailes_moteur_clerget_blin-100x71.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/20171007_fondettailes_moteur_clerget_blin-150x107.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/20171007_fondettailes_moteur_clerget_blin-200x143.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/20171007_fondettailes_moteur_clerget_blin-450x322.jpg 450w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/20171007_fondettailes_moteur_clerget_blin-600x429.jpg 600w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 810px) 100vw, 810px" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Un grand merci à l&rsquo;association <a href="http://www.fondett-ailes.fr/index.php/fr/">Fondett&rsquo;Ailes</a> et son président Gérard Souedet pour leur accueil. Un grand merci aussi à Didier Lecoq, Secrétaire Général à <a href="https://www.lanouvellerepublique.fr/indre-et-loire/commune/fondettes/georges-guynemer-as-des-as-cent-ans-apres" class="broken_link" rel="nofollow">La Nouvelle République</a>, pour son accord et toutes ses informations sur Maxime Lenoir.</p>
<h3>IN ENGLISH:</h3>
<p><figure id="attachment_11377" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-11377" style="width: 405px" class="wp-caption alignleft"><a href="http://www.fondett-ailes.fr/index.php/fr/actualites"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-11377" title="Affiche Guynemer Fondett'Ailes" src="/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/100ansGGuynemer2-WEB-724x1024.jpg" alt="Affiche de l'association Fondett'Ailes pour les 100 ans de la disparition du capitaine Georges Guynemer" width="405" height="573" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/100ansGGuynemer2-WEB-724x1024.jpg 724w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/100ansGGuynemer2-WEB-212x300.jpg 212w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/100ansGGuynemer2-WEB-768x1086.jpg 768w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/100ansGGuynemer2-WEB-100x141.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/100ansGGuynemer2-WEB-150x212.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/100ansGGuynemer2-WEB-200x283.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/100ansGGuynemer2-WEB-300x424.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/100ansGGuynemer2-WEB-450x636.jpg 450w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/100ansGGuynemer2-WEB-600x848.jpg 600w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/100ansGGuynemer2-WEB-900x1272.jpg 900w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/100ansGGuynemer2-WEB.jpg 1020w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 405px) 100vw, 405px" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-11377" class="wp-caption-text">Affiche de l&rsquo;association Fondett&rsquo;Ailes www.fondett-ailes.fr</figcaption></figure></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Fondett&rsquo;Ailes association did well on Saturday 30 September and Sunday 1 October 2017 in Fondettes, near Tours. The exhibition opened with a presentation of of the WW1 French military aeronautics icon, Captain Georges Guynemer, the ace of 53 approved victories. He was depicted as a young sickly man, who had a temperament that was already very strong. Guynemer came from a bourgeois family that was descended from Louis XII. He wasn&rsquo;t really destined to become one of the most brilliant aviators in the world. However, the stubbornness of the captain of the Cigognes squadron led him to the firmament of glory when he was shot down at Poelkappelle, Belgium, on September 11, 1917. Models were on display, particularly those of the « Vieux Charles » from Guynemer: Morane-Saulnier, Nieuport and SPAD, as well as other models of aircraft from this era and aircraft flown by his victims. Newspaper clippings reported the dogfights he fought from the beginning to the tragic end which has always kept a part of mystery.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The exhibition also paid tribute to the other great aces of the WW1 period with Dorme, Nungesser, Navarre and the local hero Maxime Lenoir. Since the journalist Didier Lecoq found his trail, and since the village of Chargé commemorated the disappearance of the ace of the Loire Valley &#8211; the best ace of Verdun between June and October 1916 &#8211; the visitors of the Loire Valley, amateurs of the Great War and historians have discovered, or rediscovered for some, the « Guynemer of Touraine » thanks to a panel entirely dedicated to Maxime Lenoir and his feats. Aviators&rsquo; uniforms, gas mask and darts were displayed, and above all three spectacular collector&rsquo;s pieces were displayed: a large propeller, a Gaumont aerial camera with amazing dimensions and a superb Clerget Blin rotary engine with its nine cylinders, unavoidable.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Last but not least, the book Une Autre Histoire de l&rsquo;Aviation was presented for book signing.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Many thanks to the association Fondett&rsquo;Ailes and their chairman Gérard Souedet for their welcome. Many thanks also to Didier Lecoq, Secretary General of La Nouvelle République, for his agreement and all his information on Maxime Lenoir.</p>
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<p>The post <a href="https://airforces.fr/2017/10/07/centenaire-de-la-disparition-de-guynemer/">CENTENAIRE DE LA DISPARITION DE GUYNEMER</a> appeared first on <a href="https://airforces.fr">AVIATION ENGLISH</a>.</p>
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		<item>
		<title>HEROIC GUYNEMER 100 YEARS AGO</title>
		<link>https://airforces.fr/2017/09/11/heroic-guynemer-died-100-years-ago/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Toni G.]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 10 Sep 2017 22:01:11 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[20th Century]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Albatros D]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[American]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[FAFA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[France]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[France & FAF]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[French AF]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Luftwaffe]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[SPAD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[WW1]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Albatros]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Albatros D.III]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Albatros D3]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Anniversary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Death]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dogfight]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dogfighting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ecole de l'air]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ernst Udet]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Georges Guynemer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Guynemer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Motto]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Red Baron]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spad 7]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spad VII]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Udet]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[VIDEOS]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>Here is a tribute to Captain Georges GUYNEMER who was killed in action on September 11th, 1917. Three months earlier, he fought with Ernst Udet, the ace who came up 2nd after the Red Baron. You can watch hereafter how<span class="ellipsis">&#8230;</span></p>
<div class="read-more"><a href="https://airforces.fr/2017/09/11/heroic-guynemer-died-100-years-ago/">Lire la suite <span class="screen-reader-text">HEROIC GUYNEMER 100 YEARS AGO</span><span class="meta-nav"> &#8250;</span></a></div>
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<p>The post <a href="https://airforces.fr/2017/09/11/heroic-guynemer-died-100-years-ago/">HEROIC GUYNEMER 100 YEARS AGO</a> appeared first on <a href="https://airforces.fr">AVIATION ENGLISH</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">Here is a tribute to Captain Georges GUYNEMER who was killed in action on September 11th, 1917. Three months earlier, he fought with Ernst Udet, the ace who came up 2<sup>nd</sup> after the Red Baron. You can watch hereafter how this dogfight reportedly happened, and how these fighter pilots had the gut to keep honor above all:</p>
<p><center><iframe loading="lazy" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/vylgMb2km3s" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" width="640" height="480" frameborder="0"></iframe></center></p>
<p><figure style="width: 333px" class="wp-caption alignright"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Georges_guynemer_par_lucien.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" title="Georges Guynemer by &quot;Lucien&quot;" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Georges_guynemer_par_lucien.jpg" alt="Georges Guynemer, French Air Force pilot and WWI ace" width="333" height="463"/></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">Georges Guynemer by « Lucien » &#8211; Jebulon https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Jebulon</figcaption></figure></p>
<h4>Remember Guynemer&rsquo;s mottos:</h4>
<h4>FAIRE FACE (face up to it) was then adopted by the French Air Force Academy (FAFA) as their motto. A few words that well expresse the French pilots&rsquo; bravery.</h4>
<p style="text-align: justify;">WWI French ace Georges Guynemer used to say:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">« Il y a une limite à toute chose, et il faut toujours la dépasser. »</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">&lsquo;Everything has a limit which has always got to be surpassed.&rsquo;</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">« Lorsque l&rsquo;on n&rsquo;a pas tout donné, on n&rsquo;a rien donné. »</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">&lsquo;As long as you have not given your all, you have given nothing.&rsquo;</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Loyal to these principles, the French ace took part in several hundreds of aerial combats, crediting 53 victories, maybe 88 victories because the French victory validation system was demanding. He was shot down seven times, and he was admired for he always survived, but that September 11, a hundred years ago. The hero took off once again, dashed to the frontlines, outnumbered by German warplanes in a last dogfighting over Belgium. Then, he fell. Since then, the French Air Force aviators have worn a black tie in sign of mourning.</p>
<p>RIP</p>
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<p>The post <a href="https://airforces.fr/2017/09/11/heroic-guynemer-died-100-years-ago/">HEROIC GUYNEMER 100 YEARS AGO</a> appeared first on <a href="https://airforces.fr">AVIATION ENGLISH</a>.</p>
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		<item>
		<title>MAXIME LENOIR &#8211; L&#8217;AS DE VERDUN CÉLÉBRÉ</title>
		<link>https://airforces.fr/2016/11/13/maxime-lenoir-celebre/</link>
					<comments>https://airforces.fr/2016/11/13/maxime-lenoir-celebre/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Toni GIACOIA]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 13 Nov 2016 12:37:35 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[20th Century]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AIRSHOWS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bleriot XI]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Drachen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[France]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gotha]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nieuport]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pioneers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Planes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[READ]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[SPAD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[WW1]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[14-18]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aeroclub de France]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aeroclub of America]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Alpha Jet]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AVIATION]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Battle of Verdun]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Charge]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Commemoration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Didier Lecoq]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[F.40]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Farman]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fequant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Français]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[HISTORY]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Jean Navarre]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Maxime Lenoir]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spad 7]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spad VII]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Touraine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[WWI]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>Six obus par mètre carré sont tombés pendant la bataille de Verdun. Des milliers de vies furent emportées pendant 300 jours. Comme beaucoup d&#8217;autres villages, Chargé égrène ses morts pour la France en ce matin du 11 novembre 2016. Dans<span class="ellipsis">&#8230;</span></p>
<div class="read-more"><a href="https://airforces.fr/2016/11/13/maxime-lenoir-celebre/">Lire la suite <span class="screen-reader-text">MAXIME LENOIR &#8211; L&#8217;AS DE VERDUN CÉLÉBRÉ</span><span class="meta-nav"> &#8250;</span></a></div>
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<p>The post <a href="https://airforces.fr/2016/11/13/maxime-lenoir-celebre/">MAXIME LENOIR &#8211; L&rsquo;AS DE VERDUN CÉLÉBRÉ</a> appeared first on <a href="https://airforces.fr">AVIATION ENGLISH</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignright wp-image-10879 " src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/lenoir_tombe_cl-1024x755.jpg" alt="Crash Maxime Lenoir Verdun Tombe" width="536" height="395" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/lenoir_tombe_cl-1024x755.jpg 1024w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/lenoir_tombe_cl-300x221.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/lenoir_tombe_cl-768x566.jpg 768w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/lenoir_tombe_cl-100x74.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/lenoir_tombe_cl-150x111.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/lenoir_tombe_cl-200x147.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/lenoir_tombe_cl-450x332.jpg 450w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/lenoir_tombe_cl-600x442.jpg 600w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/lenoir_tombe_cl-900x664.jpg 900w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/lenoir_tombe_cl.jpg 1276w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 536px) 100vw, 536px" /> Six obus par mètre carré sont tombés pendant la bataille de Verdun. Des milliers de vies furent emportées pendant 300 jours. Comme beaucoup d&rsquo;autres villages, <a href="http://www.charge37.fr/">Chargé</a> égrène ses morts pour la France en ce matin du 11 novembre 2016. Dans ce sinistre décompte, chaque poilu tombé reste un drame, une douleur dans chaque famille. LENOIR Maxime figure dans cette longue liste. Il fut porté disparu le 25 octobre 1916 jusqu&rsquo;à ce que le journaliste Didier Lecoq ne découvre une photo d&rsquo;un collectionneur berlinois qui montre un SPAD VII disloqué avec une croix plantée et gravée par les Allemands pour rendre les honneurs à celui qui fut l&rsquo;as de Verdun. Les pilotes allemands redoutaient ses attaques, pourtant souvent solitaires. Seuls les as avaient ce privilège. Si Jean Navarre est toujours reconnu comme « la sentinelle de Verdun », cette disparition laissant peu de traces a plongé Maxime Lenoir dans l&rsquo;oubli pendant presqu&rsquo;un siècle. Le mystère empêchait le deuil et la commune attendait une confirmation pour célébrer son héros. C&rsquo;est fait. Il avait déjà été célébré le 19 septembre 2014 comme le héros de Tours et de l&rsquo;Indre-et-Loire mais il y avait toujours des incertitudes sur sa disparition. Depuis ce matin, l&rsquo;école du village de Chargé s&rsquo;appelle désormais École Maxime Lenoir. Le maire de la commune Pascal Dupré et son adjointe Marie-Noëlle Mailliez décidèrent en janvier de préparer une journée de commémoration. Il faut quand même rappeler que Maxime Lenoir faisait partie des quelques rares pilotes avant la guerre à pouvoir réaliser dix loopings d&rsquo;affilée dès février 1914. Il faisait le tour de France pour donner des shows aériens avec son numéro <em>Looping the loop</em>, bouclant la boucle.</p>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-10880 size-full" src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/s1200_lenoir_remorquee_copl.jpg" alt="Maxime Lenoir aeroplane Looping the Loop sur Blériot XI" width="1530" height="604" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/s1200_lenoir_remorquee_copl.jpg 1530w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/s1200_lenoir_remorquee_copl-300x118.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/s1200_lenoir_remorquee_copl-768x303.jpg 768w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/s1200_lenoir_remorquee_copl-1024x404.jpg 1024w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/s1200_lenoir_remorquee_copl-100x39.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/s1200_lenoir_remorquee_copl-150x59.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/s1200_lenoir_remorquee_copl-200x79.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/s1200_lenoir_remorquee_copl-450x178.jpg 450w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/s1200_lenoir_remorquee_copl-600x237.jpg 600w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/s1200_lenoir_remorquee_copl-900x355.jpg 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1530px) 100vw, 1530px" /></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Son talent et son courage lui ont ensuite permis de se retrouver parmi les meilleurs pilotes de chasse au monde, cités dans la presse internationale. D&rsquo;après le journaliste Jacques Mortane, l&rsquo;avion de Maxime Lenoir était connu comme le loup blanc. Toujours derrière les lignes ennemies, son biplan rentrant souvent criblé de balles, le destin de l&rsquo;as de Verdun s&rsquo;est arrêté là, à quelques kilomètres au nord du fort de Douaumont, au lendemain de la reprise du bastion par les poilus. Douaumont reconquis, le général von Falkenhayn savait que la suite de la guerre serait très dure pour les Allemands.<br />
<a href="https://www.museeairespace.fr/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-10881 size-large" src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/MA_33504_NAVARRE_FEQUANT_LENOIR_drl-1024x728.jpeg" alt="Photo musée de l'air et de l'espace MA 33504 Navarre Fequant Lenoir" width="750" height="533" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/MA_33504_NAVARRE_FEQUANT_LENOIR_drl-1024x728.jpeg 1024w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/MA_33504_NAVARRE_FEQUANT_LENOIR_drl-300x213.jpeg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/MA_33504_NAVARRE_FEQUANT_LENOIR_drl-768x546.jpeg 768w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/MA_33504_NAVARRE_FEQUANT_LENOIR_drl-100x71.jpeg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/MA_33504_NAVARRE_FEQUANT_LENOIR_drl-150x107.jpeg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/MA_33504_NAVARRE_FEQUANT_LENOIR_drl-200x142.jpeg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/MA_33504_NAVARRE_FEQUANT_LENOIR_drl-450x320.jpeg 450w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/MA_33504_NAVARRE_FEQUANT_LENOIR_drl-600x427.jpeg 600w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/MA_33504_NAVARRE_FEQUANT_LENOIR_drl-900x640.jpeg 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px" /></a> Si on se souvient des fantassins qui ont tout donné dans les tranchées pour tenir leurs positions à Verdun, on oublie trop souvent que la bataille de Verdun s&rsquo;est jouée dans les airs et que les pilotes de chasse n&rsquo;étaient pas nombreux pour affronter les terribles Fokkers des Allemands en février 1916. Lorsque le général Pétain devant ses lignes exsangues, demande au commandant Charles de Tricornot de Rose « De Rose, je suis aveugle ! Balayez-moi le ciel ! Sinon, c&rsquo;est simple, Verdun sera perdue. » Et si Verdun avait été perdue, la France aurait probablement perdu la guerre. Lenoir à l&rsquo;escadrille N23 et son ami Navarre à la N67 voisine seront les fers de lance sur leurs nouveaux Nieuport et SPAD. Leurs efforts seront renforcés d&rsquo;escadrilles dotées du Farman F.40 qui anéantiront à la fois les ballons Drachen lourdement défendus et mettront à la peine les Fokkers. Le bras de fer gagné dans le ciel de Verdun, l&rsquo;artillerie française reprendra l&rsquo;avantage pour anéantir les espoirs de von Falkenhayn. Navarre blessé, Lenoir va devenir l&rsquo;as comptant le plus de victoires sur Verdun, il sera le premier à abattre un Drachen officiellement, le premier à abattre un bombardier Gotha avant même Guynemer. Il va enfin devenir le premier double-as mort au combat, le troisième as français abattu après Pégoud et de Rochefort.<br />
En cette journée du souvenir, des enfants de l&rsquo;école de Chargé chantent la Marseillaise devant le monument au mort. Jamais le village n&rsquo;a connu une telle affluence pour le 11 novembre. Il faut dire que la commune a tout prévu pour cette journée dédiée aux poilus, qui est aussi le centenaire de la mort de Maxime Lenoir. Après la mise en place, le maire accueille la députée Claude Greff, le secrétaire général de la préfecture d&rsquo;Indre-et-Loire Jacques Lucbereilh, le conseiller départemental Rémi Leveau, et l&rsquo;inspecteur de l&rsquo;éducation nationale Patrick Seweryn. L&rsquo;armée de l&rsquo;air est venue en nombre, les associations d&rsquo;anciens combattants et retraités militaires de l&rsquo;armée de l&rsquo;air aussi pour rendre hommage aux morts pour la France et plus particulièrement à l&rsquo;as de Verdun. Sans le président de l&rsquo;Armil 37, Michel Camus, qui tenait à participer à l&rsquo;événement, il n&rsquo;y aurait pas eu de porte-drapeau. C&rsquo;est Charles Bonté qui a répondu à l&rsquo;appel ce jour-là pour honorer les morts au combat. Le village leur doit une fière chandelle.<br />
<a href="http://aileslimousines.free.fr/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft wp-image-10882 " src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/20161110_185744l-1024x768.jpg" alt="Blériot XI Jean-Yves Valor" width="504" height="378" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/20161110_185744l-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/20161110_185744l-300x225.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/20161110_185744l-768x576.jpg 768w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/20161110_185744l-100x75.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/20161110_185744l-150x113.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/20161110_185744l-200x150.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/20161110_185744l-450x338.jpg 450w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/20161110_185744l-600x450.jpg 600w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/20161110_185744l-900x675.jpg 900w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/20161110_185744l.jpg 1600w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 504px) 100vw, 504px" /></a> La veille, un Blériot XI fut courageusement acheminé depuis la Haute-Vienne par Jean-Yves Valor et l&rsquo;association <a href="http://aileslimousines.free.fr/">Les Ailes Limousines</a> dans la salle des fêtes. Après la cérémonie devant le monument de la Première Guerre mondiale, le maire et les officiels font des discours très appréciés qui rappellent le sens de cette manifestation devant la famille Lenoir, Abel Anjorand (l&rsquo;historien local), Philippe Girard (dont la famille jadis accueillit l&rsquo;acrobate du ciel dans leur ferme de la Girardière), et <a href="https://aeroplanedetouraine.fr/" class="broken_link" rel="nofollow">Didier Lecoq</a>, sans lesquels rien ne serait jamais arrivé. Et notamment cette inauguration qui était impensable il y a seulement trois ans. C&rsquo;est aussi grâce au groupe de travail mis en place avec les adjoints au maire Marie-Claude Métivier, Gérald Letourmy et bien d&rsquo;autres villageois. Le maire et deux élèves dévoilent une superbe plaque à l&rsquo;entrée de l&rsquo;école du bourg avec la silhouette du pionnier de l&rsquo;aviation qui fut jadis un écolier dans cet établissement. La aussi, la boucle est bouclée. Le maire vient de rappeler dans son discours que Maxime Lenoir avait été vigneron avant d&rsquo;être pilote et que déjà il préférait les loopings aux tonneaux. Soudain, comme un miracle, trois Alphajets de l&rsquo;École de l&rsquo;Aviation de Chasse de la base aérienne 705 défilent au-dessus de l&rsquo;école et la mairie, puis font un second passage de nouveau sous les applaudissements le long de la Loire. Comme pour rappeler que Maxime Lenoir fut porté en triomphe devant la mairie après avoir produit ses merveilleux loopings sur Blériot XI à la mi-mai 1914.<br />
Une très intéressante exposition couvre une grande partie de la salle sur le Farman F.40, jadis très engagé dans la reconquête aérienne à Verdun. Les entreprises <a href="https://www.farman.fr/">Farman</a>, <a href="http://www.corvaisier.com/">Corvaisier</a> et <a href="https://www.galile.fr/">Galilé</a>, implantées à Joué-les-Tours apportent ainsi leur soutien. De même l&rsquo;association <a href="http://ailex.free.fr/index.htm">Ailex</a> et <a href="http://englishclassiqueaero.free.fr/">Classique Aéro</a> d&rsquo;Orbigny exposent un moteur Le Rhône 7A et plusieurs pièces de Blériot. La salle polyvalente a un air de petit musée du Bourget avec ces reliques d&rsquo;une aviation d&rsquo;un autre âge. Rien d&rsquo;étonnant à cela car <a href="https://www.museeairespace.fr/">le Musée de l&rsquo;Air et de l&rsquo;Espace du Bourget</a> a apporté son concours grâce à quelques photos ô combien précieuses car elle permettent de deviner l&rsquo;importance de l&rsquo;aviation dans la victoire à Verdun. L&rsquo;après-midi est consacré aux expositions dont celle de la classe de Virginie Charbonnier, enseignante à Chargé, remarquablement enrichie par les uniformes, armes et ustensiles d&rsquo;époque pour revivre l&rsquo;atmosphère des tranchées et la conquête de l&rsquo;air vécue par le pionnier local de l&rsquo;aviation. Dans la collection de Claude Peyon, un témoignage poignant est exposé : un livret taché du sang de son grand-père alors sur le front, remis à sa grand-mère pour lui signifier son décès. Parmi toutes ces pièces de collection, on ne peut pas manquer la superbe maquette du SPAD VII « Trompe la Mort III » réalisée par l&rsquo;association <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230203065708/http://www.deltareflex.com/site/">Delta Reflex</a> présidée par Jean-Pierre Bézard en soutien à la BA 705 dans cette commémoration. C&rsquo;est avec un talent d&rsquo;orfèvre que Claude Bodier a monté le haubanage du biplan qui est maintenant confié à la commune.<br />
Puis vient le temps des conférences et débats. Didier Lecoq retrace la carrière de Maxime Lenoir. L&rsquo;auditoire est bien servi car le conférencier n&rsquo;est autre que le journaliste qui a le premier fait resurgir le héros de Chargé il y a plusieurs années. Enfin le lieutenant-colonel Romain Béthoux explique comment la guerre aérienne se faisait et comment elle a lieu de nos jours. Les spectateurs écoutent avec grand intérêt le témoignage de cet expert qui, avant de devenir le commandant de l&rsquo;École de l&rsquo;Aviation de Chasse, était tout de même le leader de la Patrouille de France. L&rsquo;auditoire écoute subjugué lorsqu&rsquo;il raconte comment des avions à réaction peuvent enchaîner des figures à seulement deux mètres de distance. Les questions pleuvent mais le brillant pilote a toujours la réponse.<br />
Tout au long de la journée, les familles emmènent les plus petits à la cabine du Jaguar exposée par le <a href="https://devenir-aviateur.fr/">CIRFA</a>. Dans la salle Julia Daudet (expositions) un projet de livre sur l&rsquo;histoire de l&rsquo;aviation<a href="http://www.charge37.fr/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignright wp-image-10888" src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/20161111MaximeLenoir_42_drl-768x1024.jpg" alt="Commémoration Maxime Lenoir 11 novembre 2016 école" width="404" height="539" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/20161111MaximeLenoir_42_drl-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/20161111MaximeLenoir_42_drl-225x300.jpg 225w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/20161111MaximeLenoir_42_drl-100x133.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/20161111MaximeLenoir_42_drl-150x200.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/20161111MaximeLenoir_42_drl-200x267.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/20161111MaximeLenoir_42_drl-300x400.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/20161111MaximeLenoir_42_drl-450x600.jpg 450w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/20161111MaximeLenoir_42_drl-600x800.jpg 600w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/20161111MaximeLenoir_42_drl-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/20161111MaximeLenoir_42_drl-1200x1600.jpg 1200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/20161111MaximeLenoir_42_drl.jpg 1920w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 404px) 100vw, 404px" /></a> est présenté avec en seconde partie l&rsquo;histoire de Maxime Lenoir. Il sera publié prochainement. Sa sortie sera annoncée à la page <a href="/aviation/">http://airforces.fr/pall/</a>. Une brève présentation du <a href="/bia/">BIA-CAEA</a> est également faite pour ceux qui souhaitent s&rsquo;initier aux joies de l&rsquo;aéronautique. Avec le superbe chalet crêperie-buvette, ce 11 novembre à Chargé ressemble à un mini salon de l&rsquo;histoire et de l&rsquo;aviation. Même le soleil est de la partie. On n&rsquo;a jamais vu un 11 novembre de la sorte et cela pourrait bien, pourquoi pas, donner des idées à d&rsquo;autres communes. Encore faut-il avoir un pilote de cette étoffe dans sa ville pour réaliser un hommage de cette envergure. Il fut un des très rares pilotes à recevoir à la fois la grande médaille d&rsquo;or de l&rsquo;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%A9ro-Club_de_France">Aéro-Club de France</a> et la médaille de guerre de l&rsquo;<a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6123520d/f8.item">Aero Club of America</a>. L&rsquo;enfant du pays est en quelque sorte revenu sur la terre de ses premiers exploits. Mais l&rsquo;histoire ne se termine pas vraiment. Des recherches sont toujours menées pour tenter d&rsquo;en savoir un peu plus. Et puis d&rsquo;autres belles surprises pourraient venir du ciel dans les années à venir, mais nous en saurons plus bientôt&#8230;</p>
<p><span style="color: #333333;">Toni Giacoia</span></p>
<div class="synved-social-container synved-social-container-share" style="text-align: right"><a class="synved-social-button synved-social-button-share synved-social-size-64 synved-social-resolution-single synved-social-provider-facebook nolightbox" data-provider="facebook" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" title="Share on Facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fairforces.fr%2F%3Fp%3D10878&#038;t=MAXIME%20LENOIR%20%E2%80%93%20L%E2%80%99AS%20DE%20VERDUN%20C%C3%89L%C3%89BR%C3%89&#038;s=100&#038;p&#091;url&#093;=https%3A%2F%2Fairforces.fr%2F%3Fp%3D10878&#038;p&#091;images&#093;&#091;0&#093;=%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F11%2Flenoir_tombe_cl-1024x755.jpg&#038;p&#091;title&#093;=MAXIME%20LENOIR%20%E2%80%93%20L%E2%80%99AS%20DE%20VERDUN%20C%C3%89L%C3%89BR%C3%89" style="font-size: 0px;width:64px;height:64px;margin:0;margin-bottom:35px;margin-right:35px"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt="Facebook" title="Share on Facebook" class="synved-share-image synved-social-image synved-social-image-share" width="64" height="64" style="display: inline;width:64px;height:64px;margin: 0;padding: 0;border: none;box-shadow: none" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/plugins/social-media-feather/synved-social/image/social/regular/128x128/facebook.png" /></a><a class="synved-social-button synved-social-button-share synved-social-size-64 synved-social-resolution-single synved-social-provider-twitter nolightbox" data-provider="twitter" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" title="Share on Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fairforces.fr%2F%3Fp%3D10878&#038;text=via%20%40fclanglais" style="font-size: 0px;width:64px;height:64px;margin:0;margin-bottom:35px;margin-right:35px"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt="twitter" title="Share on Twitter" class="synved-share-image synved-social-image synved-social-image-share" width="64" height="64" style="display: inline;width:64px;height:64px;margin: 0;padding: 0;border: none;box-shadow: none" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/plugins/social-media-feather/synved-social/image/social/regular/128x128/twitter.png" /></a><a class="synved-social-button synved-social-button-share synved-social-size-64 synved-social-resolution-single synved-social-provider-linkedin nolightbox" data-provider="linkedin" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" title="Share on Linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&#038;url=https%3A%2F%2Fairforces.fr%2F%3Fp%3D10878&#038;title=MAXIME%20LENOIR%20%E2%80%93%20L%E2%80%99AS%20DE%20VERDUN%20C%C3%89L%C3%89BR%C3%89" style="font-size: 0px;width:64px;height:64px;margin:0;margin-bottom:35px;margin-right:35px"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt="linkedin" title="Share on Linkedin" class="synved-share-image synved-social-image synved-social-image-share" width="64" height="64" style="display: inline;width:64px;height:64px;margin: 0;padding: 0;border: none;box-shadow: none" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/plugins/social-media-feather/synved-social/image/social/regular/128x128/linkedin.png" /></a><a class="synved-social-button synved-social-button-share synved-social-size-64 synved-social-resolution-single synved-social-provider-mail nolightbox" data-provider="mail" rel="nofollow" title="Share by email" href="mailto:?subject=MAXIME%20LENOIR%20%E2%80%93%20L%E2%80%99AS%20DE%20VERDUN%20C%C3%89L%C3%89BR%C3%89&#038;body=via%20%40fclanglais:%20https%3A%2F%2Fairforces.fr%2F%3Fp%3D10878" style="font-size: 0px;width:64px;height:64px;margin:0;margin-bottom:35px"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt="mail" title="Share by email" class="synved-share-image synved-social-image synved-social-image-share" width="64" height="64" style="display: inline;width:64px;height:64px;margin: 0;padding: 0;border: none;box-shadow: none" src="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/plugins/social-media-feather/synved-social/image/social/regular/128x128/mail.png" /></a></div>
<p>The post <a href="https://airforces.fr/2016/11/13/maxime-lenoir-celebre/">MAXIME LENOIR &#8211; L&rsquo;AS DE VERDUN CÉLÉBRÉ</a> appeared first on <a href="https://airforces.fr">AVIATION ENGLISH</a>.</p>
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		<title>Il y a 100 Ans Aujourd&#8217;hui, l&#8217;AS DES AS DE VERDUN disparaissait</title>
		<link>https://airforces.fr/2016/10/25/il-y-a-100-aujourdhui-las-des-as-de-verdun-disparaissait/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Toni GIACOIA]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 25 Oct 2016 10:53:04 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[20th Century]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bleriot XI]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[France]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nieuport]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pioneers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[SPAD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[WW1]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aeroclub de France]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aeroclub of America]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Battle of Verdun]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Didier Lecoq]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Douaumont]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Legion d'honneur]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Maxime Lenoir]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spad 7]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spad VII]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>L’AS DES AS DE VERDUN 1916 25 octobre 2016 &#8211; (reprise de l&#8217;article http://airforces.fr/2014/12/22/among-greatest-pilots-maxime-lenoir-destiny/) Au plus fort de la bataille de Verdun, le lendemain de la reprise du fort de Douaumont, Maxime Lenoir devenait ce 25 octobre 1916 le 7e<span class="ellipsis">&#8230;</span></p>
<div class="read-more"><a href="https://airforces.fr/2016/10/25/il-y-a-100-aujourdhui-las-des-as-de-verdun-disparaissait/">Lire la suite <span class="screen-reader-text">Il y a 100 Ans Aujourd&#8217;hui, l&#8217;AS DES AS DE VERDUN disparaissait</span><span class="meta-nav"> &#8250;</span></a></div>
<p><!-- end of .read-more --></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://airforces.fr/2016/10/25/il-y-a-100-aujourdhui-las-des-as-de-verdun-disparaissait/">Il y a 100 Ans Aujourd&rsquo;hui, l&rsquo;AS DES AS DE VERDUN disparaissait</a> appeared first on <a href="https://airforces.fr">AVIATION ENGLISH</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><figure id="attachment_10849" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-10849" style="width: 650px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="https://airforces.fr/2014/12/22/among-greatest-pilots-maxime-lenoir-destiny/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-10849" src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/19161101_as7_nb_650_net.jpg" alt="Maxime LENOIR parmi les as français as des as jeu de cartes" width="650" height="407" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/19161101_as7_nb_650_net.jpg 650w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/19161101_as7_nb_650_net-300x188.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/19161101_as7_nb_650_net-100x63.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/19161101_as7_nb_650_net-150x94.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/19161101_as7_nb_650_net-200x125.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/19161101_as7_nb_650_net-450x282.jpg 450w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/19161101_as7_nb_650_net-600x376.jpg 600w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-10849" class="wp-caption-text"><em>Maxime LENOIR au centre parmi les as français</em></figcaption></figure></p>
<h2>L’AS DES AS DE VERDUN 1916</h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;">25 octobre 2016 &#8211; (reprise de l&rsquo;article <a href="https://airforces.fr/2014/12/22/among-greatest-pilots-maxime-lenoir-destiny/">http://airforces.fr/2014/12/22/among-greatest-pilots-maxime-lenoir-destiny/</a>) Au plus fort de la bataille de Verdun, le lendemain de la reprise du fort de Douaumont, <strong>Maxime Lenoir</strong> devenait ce 25 octobre 1916 le 7e pilote français mort au combat sur son SPAD VII « <em><strong>Trompe la Mort</strong></em>« , mais il était aussi à ce moment-là:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 60px;"><strong>L’as des as de Verdun </strong>depuis 3 mois<br />
<strong>L&rsquo;As des as des Alliés morts au combat</strong><br />
<strong>Le 1<sup class="typo_exposants">er</sup> double as français mort au combat</strong><br />
Le 3<sup class="typo_exposants">e</sup> as au monde en nombre de victoires parmi les pilotes morts au combat<br />
Le 3<sup class="typo_exposants">e</sup> as français mort au combat après Pégoud et de Rochefort</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">D&rsquo;après les recherches, il semble qu&rsquo;il fut <strong>le premier pilote au monde à abattre un ballon de type Drachen</strong> en juin 1915. Il semblerait qu&rsquo;il fut <strong>le premier au monde à abattre un Gotha</strong> le 25 septembre 1916. Maxime Lenoir a beaucoup souffert de ce combat qui lui a laissé une blessure sur le coin de l’oeil gauche. A l’exception d’une poignée de pilotes valeureux, ni René Fonck, ni les autres as alliés ne seraient parvenus à abattre une telle forteresse volante en 1916. Seuls Guynemer, avec l’aide de Chainat auraient enregistré une victoire sur Gotha le 8 février 1917. Quant à Nungesser, le redoutable, il en aurait descendu deux. Enfin et surtout, Maxime Lenoir, l’as aux 11 victoires, a été un des premiers à être décoré de la Legion d’honneur, la Médaille militaire, la Croix de guerre avec 8 palmes et 9 citations. Chose tout à fait exceptionnelle, on lui a aussi décerné les médailles d’or de l’<strong> Aeroclub d’Amérique </strong>et de l’<strong>Aéroclub de France.</strong> Il a été le premier as avec entre autre Guynemer à recevoir de telles distinctions.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Didier Lecoq (journaliste à La Nouvelle République, co-auteur de <a href="https://www.amazon.fr/LAviation-Militaire-en-Indre-Loire/dp/2367463387">L’Aviation militaire en Indre-et-Loire</a>) a le premier fait resurgir Maxime Lenoir, l’as oublié, ce ‘“<strong>Guynemer de Touraine</strong>”’ depuis au moins 2010. Sans lui, Lenoir serait toujours un as oublié.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Maxime Lenoir, formé à Buc, exécutait à travers la France des représentations ‘“Looping the loop”’ sur Blériot XI depuis au moins le 7 février 1914.<br />
Lenoir avait 11 victoires (la plupart remportées sur Nieuport) lorsqu&rsquo;il fût porté disparu le 25/10/1916. En septembre 2014, Didier Lecoq (co-auteur de <a href="https://www.amazon.fr/LAviation-Militaire-en-Indre-Loire/dp/2367463387">L’Aviation militaire en Indre-et-Loire</a>) découvre que Lenoir a été abattu :</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"> https://aeroplanedetouraine.fr/</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Puis en novembre 2015 il reçoit l’information d’un historien collectionneur berlinois selon laquelle Lenoir aurait aussi reçu l’honneur d’une croix gravée par les allemands :</p>
<p> https://aeroplanedetouraine.fr/</p>
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<p>The post <a href="https://airforces.fr/2016/10/25/il-y-a-100-aujourdhui-las-des-as-de-verdun-disparaissait/">Il y a 100 Ans Aujourd&rsquo;hui, l&rsquo;AS DES AS DE VERDUN disparaissait</a> appeared first on <a href="https://airforces.fr">AVIATION ENGLISH</a>.</p>
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		<title>MUST SEE &#8211; WEIRD TAKEOFF EXPLAINED</title>
		<link>https://airforces.fr/2016/03/06/must-see-weird-takeoff-explained/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Toni G.]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 05 Mar 2016 22:34:53 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Accidents]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Airfields]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[An-2]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DR-400]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Germany]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Misc.]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[NIVEAU 3 OACI / ICAO LEVEL 3 plus PLS 1 / SLP 1]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Accident]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Antonov]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bank]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Failure]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[FLIGHT SAFETY]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Grass strip]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Meteorology]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[PLS 1111]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Roll]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spectacular]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Takeoff]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Turbulence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[VIDEOS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vortex]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wake]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://airforces.fr/?p=10388</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Thanks to this video shared by @air_english, here is an example of the kind of accident you can avoid if you follow some basic flight safety rules. Even if nobody could expect such a spectacular accident while weather and visibility<span class="ellipsis">&#8230;</span></p>
<div class="read-more"><a href="https://airforces.fr/2016/03/06/must-see-weird-takeoff-explained/">Lire la suite <span class="screen-reader-text">MUST SEE &#8211; WEIRD TAKEOFF EXPLAINED</span><span class="meta-nav"> &#8250;</span></a></div>
<p><!-- end of .read-more --></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://airforces.fr/2016/03/06/must-see-weird-takeoff-explained/">MUST SEE &#8211; WEIRD TAKEOFF EXPLAINED</a> appeared first on <a href="https://airforces.fr">AVIATION ENGLISH</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">Thanks to this video shared by <a href="https://x.com/air_english" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="broken_link">@air_english</a>, here is an example of the kind of accident you can avoid if you follow some basic flight safety rules. Even if nobody could expect such a spectacular accident while weather and visibility were excellent, some precautionary measures could have prevented the aircrew from a catastrophic failure. This video will let you guess what provoked this. You will find an analysis of this German Robin DR-400 accident <a href="https://www.dglr.de/publikationen/2014/340177.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">here</a>.</p>
<p><iframe loading="lazy" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/KXlv16ETueU" width="853" height="480" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Thanks to <a href="https://www.air-english.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">AIR-ENGLISH</a> and <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/dalgetty/videos?ucbcb=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">John Maxwell</a>. Please, pass the information on for it is a flight safety issue and it could happen to anybody. It is useful for <a href="/bia/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">BIA-CAEA</a> too.</p>
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<p>The post <a href="https://airforces.fr/2016/03/06/must-see-weird-takeoff-explained/">MUST SEE &#8211; WEIRD TAKEOFF EXPLAINED</a> appeared first on <a href="https://airforces.fr">AVIATION ENGLISH</a>.</p>
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		<title>WWI AIR COMBAT &#8211; WHAT IT CAME DOWN TO</title>
		<link>https://airforces.fr/2015/11/11/wwi-air-combat-what-it-came-down-to/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Toni G.]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 11 Nov 2015 18:54:17 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Aerobatics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[BE2]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bleriot XI]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[British]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dogfighting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Luftwaffe]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[NIVEAU 4 OACI / ICAO LEVEL 4 plus PLS 2 / SLP 2]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pilots]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[SE5]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[UK]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[WARFARE]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[WW1]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aces]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[B.E.2]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[BBC]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Boelcke]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[British accent]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[BVR]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Calais]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Channel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dogfight]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Flight control]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fokker]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[France]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Germany]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[GWDT]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[HISTORY]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[LISTEN]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Louis Blériot]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Machine Gun]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[READ]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[S.E.5]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tricornot de Rose]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[VIDEOS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Weapon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Weaponry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wing warping]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://airforces.fr/?p=10205</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>What is more natural than looking back over major aviation innovations of the Great War today, the anniversary of the Armistice? Here is a very interesting video posted by the BBC on how the fighter pilots dealt with reconnaissance, bombing<span class="ellipsis">&#8230;</span></p>
<div class="read-more"><a href="https://airforces.fr/2015/11/11/wwi-air-combat-what-it-came-down-to/">Lire la suite <span class="screen-reader-text">WWI AIR COMBAT &#8211; WHAT IT CAME DOWN TO</span><span class="meta-nav"> &#8250;</span></a></div>
<p><!-- end of .read-more --></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://airforces.fr/2015/11/11/wwi-air-combat-what-it-came-down-to/">WWI AIR COMBAT &#8211; WHAT IT CAME DOWN TO</a> appeared first on <a href="https://airforces.fr">AVIATION ENGLISH</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">What is more natural than looking back over major aviation innovations of the Great War today, the anniversary of the Armistice? Here is a very interesting video posted by the BBC on how the fighter pilots dealt with reconnaissance, bombing missions and dogfight techniques. Primitive flight controls are well explained as is the interest of performing missions with a triplane aircraft &#8211; three sets of wings are necessarily more narrow, providing the pilot with a better visual field.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">From the flimsy Blériot XI to Sopwiths and Fokkers, the first aces developed early methods that are always taught in fighter schools even though beyond-visual-range air combat has taken over since. Major Charles Tricornot de Rose was considered by many as the father of air fighting as early as 1914. Then as shown in this video, the German ace Oswald Boelcke laid out a first set of rules for dogfighting called the Dicta Boelcke. Pilots&rsquo; life expectancy was not measured in years but in weeks.</p>
<p><iframe loading="lazy" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Sd5ubG3HRi8" width="853" height="480" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></p>
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<p>The post <a href="https://airforces.fr/2015/11/11/wwi-air-combat-what-it-came-down-to/">WWI AIR COMBAT &#8211; WHAT IT CAME DOWN TO</a> appeared first on <a href="https://airforces.fr">AVIATION ENGLISH</a>.</p>
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		<title>FORMER AVIATION TEMPLE 1st AEROBATICS SCHOOL</title>
		<link>https://airforces.fr/2015/09/20/former-aviation-temple-1st-aerobatics-school/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Toni G.]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 20 Sep 2015 17:22:51 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Aerobatics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aviation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bleriot XI]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Misc.]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[NIVEAU 4 OACI / ICAO LEVEL 4 plus PLS 2 / SLP 2]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pilots]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pioneers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Adolphe Pégoud]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aéroparc]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aeroplane]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Airshows]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AVIATION]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Buc]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Edmond Perreyon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[France]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Heritage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[HISTORY]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Jean Casale]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[John Domenjoz]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Loop]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[looping]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Louis Blériot]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Maryse Bastié]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Maxime Lenoir]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pioneer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[PLS 2222]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Renovation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Roland Garros]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Toussus-le-Noble]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Versailles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Yvelines]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://airforces.fr/?p=10122</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Few people know that there was a major aerodrome near Paris more than a century ago. Though Louis Blériots&#8217;s Aeroparc contributed a lot to aviation history, it was demolished in 1970. Villagers, aviation fans and historians made a decision of<span class="ellipsis">&#8230;</span></p>
<div class="read-more"><a href="https://airforces.fr/2015/09/20/former-aviation-temple-1st-aerobatics-school/">Lire la suite <span class="screen-reader-text">FORMER AVIATION TEMPLE 1st AEROBATICS SCHOOL</span><span class="meta-nav"> &#8250;</span></a></div>
<p><!-- end of .read-more --></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://airforces.fr/2015/09/20/former-aviation-temple-1st-aerobatics-school/">FORMER AVIATION TEMPLE 1st AEROBATICS SCHOOL</a> appeared first on <a href="https://airforces.fr">AVIATION ENGLISH</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">Few people know that there was a major aerodrome near Paris more than a century ago. Though Louis Blériots&rsquo;s Aeroparc contributed a lot to aviation history, it was demolished in 1970. Villagers, aviation fans and historians made a decision of renovating the remains of this aviation temple which. There used to be a splendid video reconstruction which unfotunately no longer exists.</p>
<h3 class="post-title entry-title"><a href="http://www.passionpourlaviation.fr/2015/09/06/restauration-de-lentree-de-laeroparc-louis-bleriot-au-buc/">Renovation of  Aéroparc&rsquo;s Entrance in Buc </a></h3>
<p class="post-title entry-title"><a href="http://www.passionpourlaviation.fr/2015/09/06/restauration-de-lentree-de-laeroparc-louis-bleriot-au-buc/">(from Xavier Cotton&rsquo;s article in French) </a></p>
<p><figure id="attachment_10127" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-10127" style="width: 466px" class="wp-caption alignright"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class=" wp-image-10127" src="/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/20150902_buc_aeroparc_28b.jpg" alt="Louis Blériot's Aéroparc entrance being renovated" width="466" height="350" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/20150902_buc_aeroparc_28b.jpg 550w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/20150902_buc_aeroparc_28b-300x225.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/20150902_buc_aeroparc_28b-100x75.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/20150902_buc_aeroparc_28b-150x113.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/20150902_buc_aeroparc_28b-200x150.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/20150902_buc_aeroparc_28b-450x338.jpg 450w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 466px) 100vw, 466px" /><figcaption id="caption-attachment-10127" class="wp-caption-text">Louis Blériot&rsquo;s Aéroparc entrance being renovated &#8211; early Sept. 2015</figcaption></figure></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">For the 100th anniversary of the English Channel crossing by Louis Blériot, a well-documented publication was released in 2009 &#8211; « <a href="https://www.villedebuc.fr/index.php/culture-loisirs-et-sports/nos-ouvrages/1210-buc-a-travers-laviation" rel="nofollow" class="broken_link">Buc à travers l’aviation</a>« . A Mirage III R was given too, by SECAMIC company. This Dassault recce aircraft can be seen in Avenue Jean Casale between Buc and Toussus-le-Noble, France. The Buc citizens could proudly look back at their prestigious aviation past as Buc and Toussus-le-Noble airfields used to be an aviation history cradle.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Villagers and historians wanted to value their aeronautical heritage in 2012 and they made a decision of setting a renovation project of Blériot&rsquo;s Aéroparc entrance which is located at the beginning of Guynemer Avenue. Many documents from archives allowed them to incentivize an accurate reconstruction. As the pictures show, the renovation works have already begun as of September 2, 2015.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">At the same time, the statue erected to commemorate Jean Casale (1893-1923), WWI ace and Blériot&rsquo;s test pilot et pilote d&rsquo;essai aux établissements Blériot, will also be restored for it has been damaged by the effects of time. As far as the Mirage III R is concerned, it would also need a new coat of paint.</p>
<p><figure id="attachment_10141" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-10141" style="width: 533px" class="wp-caption alignleft"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class=" wp-image-10141" src="/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/1914_aerodrome_bleriot_aeroparc_bucb.jpg" alt="AÉROPARC LOUIS BLÉRIOT IN BUC, FRANCE 1914 - Toni Giacoia collection" width="533" height="347" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/1914_aerodrome_bleriot_aeroparc_bucb.jpg 650w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/1914_aerodrome_bleriot_aeroparc_bucb-300x195.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/1914_aerodrome_bleriot_aeroparc_bucb-100x65.jpg 100w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/1914_aerodrome_bleriot_aeroparc_bucb-150x98.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/1914_aerodrome_bleriot_aeroparc_bucb-200x130.jpg 200w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/1914_aerodrome_bleriot_aeroparc_bucb-450x293.jpg 450w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/1914_aerodrome_bleriot_aeroparc_bucb-600x390.jpg 600w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 533px) 100vw, 533px" /><figcaption id="caption-attachment-10141" class="wp-caption-text">AÉROPARC LOUIS BLÉRIOT IN BUC, FRANCE 1914 &#8211; Toni Giacoia&rsquo;s collection</figcaption></figure></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">You can support this work to renovate this important remnant of aviation history by making a tax-deductible donation at a rate of 60% through the Heritage Foundation (Fondation du patrimoine). It is possible to download <a href="https://www.villedebuc.fr/images/stories/newsletter/novembre2012/bulletin_de_souscription_BUC.pdf">the donation form</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Louis Blériot won international renown as well as his presence at the very first Paris Air Show (Salon de l&rsquo;Aéronautique which occurred at « Le Grand Palais » in Paris instead of Le Bourget) in late 1909 thanks to his Channel crossing on July 25, 1909. He had crossed the English Channel on his Blériot XI monoplane which is still  <a href="http://www.passionpourlaviation.fr/2009/10/22/le-bleriot-xi-de-la-traversee-de-la-manche-au-musee-des-arts-et-metiers/">exhibited at the Musée des Arts et Métiers.</a> Accordingly, Blériot-Aéronautique received a lot of aeroplane orders since then. Louis Blériot wanted to open a flying school. He established his school near Paris, to the south of Versailles on Buc airfield in order to train pilots and test new flying machines. It was inaugurated on November 13th, 1912. The whole airfield and compound was called Aerodrome Louis Blériot.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><iframe loading="lazy" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/N2QZPu0chBM?t=8m22s" width="640" height="480" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">There was a monumental gate before the main building which looked like a castle. It was the very heart of the school as well as a hotel for the student pilots and a restaurant. Hangars and grandstands were added so as to organise airshows. Many great aviators and aces landed and took off at Blériot&rsquo;s Aérodrome such as Roland Garros, Maryse Bastié, <a href="https://airforces.fr/tag/maxime-lenoir/">Maxime Lenoir</a>, Edmond Perreyon and the Swiss John Domenjoz. Célestin Adolphe Pégoud nicknamed « Le roi de l&rsquo;air » &#8211; « King of the air » &#8211; was one of the first pilots looping the loop. Here is a video shot on September 21st, 1913 in front of a 200,000 attendance above Blériot&rsquo;s aerodrome in Buc:</p>
<p><iframe loading="lazy" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/gQ6G9t3IAwQ" width="853" height="480" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The airfield was very active during WW1 thanks to its SPADs, then in the 1920s. The downturn of the Aéroparc started when Louis Blériot passed away on August 2, 1936. Aéroparc Louis Blériot was occupied by the German troops during WWII and was bombed by the Allies several times in 1944. The Aéroparc facilities were given back to Blériot-Aéronautique but it was left in tatters. The movements stopped in 1966 and it was closed down in 1970 before being demolished a few years after. The remnants of the monumental gate were all that is left from this exceptional past. Therefore, the Aéroparc renovation aims at valuing this site&rsquo;s aviation history heritage.</p>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Sources</b> :</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">« Passion pour l&rsquo;Aviation » <a href="http://passiondesavions.blogspot.com/2015/09/restauration-de-lentree-de-laeroparc.html">from Xavier Cotton’s article in French</a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">Buc City Hall : <a href="https://www.villedebuc.fr/index.php/culture-loisirs-et-sports/nos-ouvrages/1210-buc-a-travers-laviation" rel="nofollow" class="broken_link">http://www.mairie-buc.fr/index.php/culture-loisirs-et-sports/nos-ouvrages/1210-buc-a-travers-laviation</a><br />
Wiki 14-18 :  <a href="https://wiki1418.yvelines.fr/index.php?title=Louis_Bl%C3%A9riot_et_l%E2%80%99a%C3%A9rodrome_de_Buc">http://wiki1418.yvelines.fr/index.php?title=Louis_Bl%C3%A9riot_et_l%E2%80%99a%C3%A9rodrome_de_Buc</a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">TéléradioBuc: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/philostarcartoon/feed?ucbcb=1">https://www.youtube.com/user/philostarcartoon/feed</a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">First photo : Toni Giacoia  ( <a href="https://www.fclanglais.fr/" rel="nofollow">http://fclanglais.fr/</a> )</div>
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<p>The post <a href="https://airforces.fr/2015/09/20/former-aviation-temple-1st-aerobatics-school/">FORMER AVIATION TEMPLE 1st AEROBATICS SCHOOL</a> appeared first on <a href="https://airforces.fr">AVIATION ENGLISH</a>.</p>
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		<title>TOURS AIRSHOW 2015</title>
		<link>https://airforces.fr/2015/06/11/tours-airshow-2015/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Toni G.]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 11 Jun 2015 19:20:11 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[A-10]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aerobatics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AIRSHOWS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Alpha Jet]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bae Hawk]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[F-16]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[France]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[French AF]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Luftwaffe]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[M-346]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mirage 2000]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[P-51]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[RAF]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rafale]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Royal Saudi AF]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[RSAF]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Swiss AF]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Typhoon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[UPDAF]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aermacchi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Air display]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AIRCRAFT]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Airshow]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Armée de l'air]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[BA 705]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Caudron]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dassault]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[de Havilland]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dewoitine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Display]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[FRENCH AIR FORCE]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hawk]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[HELICOPTERS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mustang]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[P-51D]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Parçay-Meslay]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Piper]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[RAFALE]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Roundels]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spitfire]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Super Puma]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Touraine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tours]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Uganda]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[VIDEOS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[WW2]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://airforces.fr/?p=9734</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Red Arrows and Patrouille de France here below Tours French Air Force Base celebrated its centenary this year on Sunday, the 7th of June as the air base was born in late 1915, fielded with the aviation school on Caudron<span class="ellipsis">&#8230;</span></p>
<div class="read-more"><a href="https://airforces.fr/2015/06/11/tours-airshow-2015/">Lire la suite <span class="screen-reader-text">TOURS AIRSHOW 2015</span><span class="meta-nav"> &#8250;</span></a></div>
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<p>The post <a href="https://airforces.fr/2015/06/11/tours-airshow-2015/">TOURS AIRSHOW 2015</a> appeared first on <a href="https://airforces.fr">AVIATION ENGLISH</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>Red Arrows and Patrouille de France here below</em></p>
<p><center><iframe loading="lazy" width="640" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/4syx-AH0Qjo" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></center></p>
<p>Tours French Air Force Base celebrated its centenary this year on Sunday, the 7th of June as the air base was born in late 1915, fielded with the aviation school on Caudron G3. MF33 Flight (1/33 Belfort) was born in Tours in October 1914 but there is no evidence that it was stationed at Parçay-Meslay airfield.</p>
<p>The airshow gathered lots of aviation professionals as well as recreational aviation booths. About 56,000 people attended the event &#8211; a bit more than expected. The Belgian F-16 solo display, the Moroccan Marche Verte, the Red Arrows, the Patrouille de France, then the Rafale were the highlights of the beautiful day. The Swiss Army Super Puma helicopter performed an outstanding display, and a P-51 D Mustang and a Spitfire delighted WW2 fighter aircraft enthusiasts. Other flypasts performed by two Dassault Flamant MD.311, de Havilland Vampire and Mosquito made the attendees dream.</p>
<p><center><iframe loading="lazy" width="640" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/TVA7jG2hkog" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></center></p>
<p>The visitors could also admire numerous aircraft in the static display area: RSAF and Luftwaffe Eurofighter Typhoons, a curious Piaggio 149 as its roundel comes from the UPDAF &#8211; Uganda Peoples Defense Air Force, a Caudron C.800 glider which looked like the C.25S that were used in the movie « Don&rsquo;t look now&#8230; We&rsquo;re being shot at! » (La grande vadrouille) flown by famous French actors Bourvil and Louis de Funès. A nice RSAF (Republic of Singapore Air Force) Aermacchi M-346, a Dewoitine 501 which used to be stationed at Tours air base, a few WW2 Piper Cub, Dassault Mirage 2000-D, Mirage 2000-5, Rafale, and last but not least 2 A-10 Warthogs, and many more aircraft.</p>
<p>With the nice weather, cool northbound winds, and the smooth organisation, the event turned out to be a great success.</p>
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<p>The post <a href="https://airforces.fr/2015/06/11/tours-airshow-2015/">TOURS AIRSHOW 2015</a> appeared first on <a href="https://airforces.fr">AVIATION ENGLISH</a>.</p>
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		<title>AMONG GREATEST PILOTS &#8211; MAXIME LENOIR DESTINY</title>
		<link>https://airforces.fr/2014/12/22/among-greatest-pilots-maxime-lenoir-destiny/</link>
					<comments>https://airforces.fr/2014/12/22/among-greatest-pilots-maxime-lenoir-destiny/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Toni GIACOIA]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 21 Dec 2014 22:01:44 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Dogfighting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[France]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nieuport]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pilots]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[READ]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[SPAD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[WW1]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Abel Anjorand]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aces]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aerobatics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aeroclub de France]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aeroclub of America]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Authorities]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AVIATION]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ball]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Balloon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Battle of Verdun]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bilingual]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[BILINGUE]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Boelcke]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Chainat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Charge]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Charles Nungesser]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dassault]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Didier Lecoq]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dogfight]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Drachen]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Georges Guynemer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gotha]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Guynemer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[HISTORY]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Jean Casale]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Jean Navarre]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[La Girardière]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Loop]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Maxime Lenoir]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mortane]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nieuport 17]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nungesser]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Reginald Warneford]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rickenbacker]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Roland Garros]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spad 7]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spad VII]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Zeppelin]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://airforces.fr/?p=8242</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Post in English &#8211; LE MÊME ARTICLE EN FRANÇAIS AU BAS DE CETTE PAGE: December 22, 2014 Maxime LENOIR would have been 126 years old today. He used to be one of the most renowned and talented pilots. He had<span class="ellipsis">&#8230;</span></p>
<div class="read-more"><a href="https://airforces.fr/2014/12/22/among-greatest-pilots-maxime-lenoir-destiny/">Lire la suite <span class="screen-reader-text">AMONG GREATEST PILOTS &#8211; MAXIME LENOIR DESTINY</span><span class="meta-nav"> &#8250;</span></a></div>
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<p>The post <a href="https://airforces.fr/2014/12/22/among-greatest-pilots-maxime-lenoir-destiny/">AMONG GREATEST PILOTS &#8211; MAXIME LENOIR DESTINY</a> appeared first on <a href="https://airforces.fr">AVIATION ENGLISH</a>.</p>
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										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><figure id="attachment_8248" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-8248" style="width: 535px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/1916_1001_lenoir537.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-8248 size-full" title="Maxime LENOIR - 11-victory ace in 1916" src="/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/1916_1001_lenoir537.jpg" alt="Maxime LENOIR - 11-victory ace in 1916" width="535" height="349" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/1916_1001_lenoir537.jpg 535w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/1916_1001_lenoir537-300x196.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 535px) 100vw, 535px" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-8248" class="wp-caption-text">Maxime LENOIR &#8211; 11-victory ace in 1916 &#8211; was not born in Paris but Chargé, in the Loire Valley</figcaption></figure></p>
<p><em>Post in English &#8211; LE MÊME ARTICLE EN FRANÇAIS AU BAS DE CETTE PAGE:</em></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">December 22, 2014</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Maxime LENOIR would have been 126 years old today.</p>
<p><figure id="attachment_8247" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-8247" style="width: 374px" class="wp-caption alignleft"><a href="/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/1916_1115_je_sais_tout505.jpeg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-8247" title="Magazine cover - Lenoir, Navarre, Guynemer, and Nungesser - WW1 Aces" src="/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/1916_1115_je_sais_tout505.jpeg" alt="Lenoir, Navarre, Guynemer, and Nungesser - WW1 Aces" width="374" height="540" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/1916_1115_je_sais_tout505.jpeg 505w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/1916_1115_je_sais_tout505-208x300.jpeg 208w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 374px) 100vw, 374px" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-8247" class="wp-caption-text">Lenoir, Navarre, Guynemer, and Nungesser &#8211; WW1 Aces</figcaption></figure></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">He used to be one of the most renowned and talented pilots. He had been an aviation pioneer as he was among the very first pilots who performed the famous « looping the loop » aerobatic manoeuvre in the trail of Adolphe Pégoud between 1913 and 1914. He took part in a few air races, and a lot of air shows on his Blériot XI, nicknamed « Backjumper ». The local, national, and international press started to write articles about his prodigal sense of flying in the numerous airshows as the spectators cheered him every time he showed up. For instance, he was carried in triumph after he performed aerobatic manoeuvres above « La Girardière », the Girard family airfield in Chargé, his home village where up to 5,000 people were gathered to attend his air show in May 1914.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Lenoir was rising to fame when Archduke Franz-Ferdinand was murdered and as the « European war » broke out, he joined up shortly after. In spite of his exceptional flying skills, Maxime Lenoir was unfortunately compelled to join the French cavalry. He then kept on requesting an assignment in the brand new military aeronautics recently created by General Hirschauer, and became a fighter pilot. However, he was first posted to the target-shooting department at the C18 flight, then he was transferred to the N23 flight as a fighter pilot. He waged a devastating war over the trenches, and against the Prussian aviation in fierce air battles over Verdun. He tested new weapons, and airplanes. He became one of the first pilots to shoot down a balloon. After a few victories in 1915, he became the N23&rsquo;s best fighter pilot in 1916 with 11 victories, and most decorated among prestigious names &#8211; Pinsard, Casale, Gilbert, de Beauchamp, Rochechouart de Mortemart, Brindejonc des Moulinais, Roland Garros, Pulpe (from Russia), Baumont, etc. He was the best ace in his flight, and even reached the top four French aces in 1916 as he remained in the top-two aces in the summer of that year.</p>
<p><figure id="attachment_8295" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-8295" style="width: 300px" class="wp-caption alignright"><a href="/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/1914_0207_lenoir_looping551.jpeg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-medium wp-image-8295" title="Maxime Lenoir looping the loop and airshows - early 1914" src="/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/1914_0207_lenoir_looping551-300x195.jpeg" alt="Maxime Lenoir looping the loop and airshows on Bleriot monoplane - early 1914" width="300" height="195" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/1914_0207_lenoir_looping551-300x195.jpeg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/1914_0207_lenoir_looping551.jpeg 551w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-8295" class="wp-caption-text">Maxime Lenoir looping the loop and airshows &#8211; early 1914</figcaption></figure></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">According to German soldiers&rsquo; testimony, Lenoir was a very skillful and fearsome ace. They knew him well as they knew Navarre, Nungesser, Guynemer, Dorme, and Boelcke, of course. It is important to note that Mannock, Rickenbacker, Collishaw, Bishop, Löwenhardt, Little, Udet, McCudden, Fonck, Von Richthofen, Beauchamp-Proctor, and McLaren were not so famous at that time for some of them were not aces or did not have so many victories. Air war between 1914 and 1916 was totally different from 1917/1918. As Lenoir had trained at Blériot&rsquo;s Buc airfield, the best aerobatic flying school, he was able to cope with a jammed machine gun and dodge the enemy fire. Like a toreador, and in a very skillful way, he could lure the enemy pilots when his fellow pilots were under heavy fire. He was the best bullet dodger but took a lot of risks, too much maybe. He flew back to Vadelaincourt airfield with his aircraft crippled with bullets many times. He never hesitated to help his fellow pilots whenever he could since he dared to face up to several German airplanes in a row. He was deemed to be a very good friend, as well as salvation in the sky of Verdun. For instance, when he learnt that his friend Navarre (nicknamed « Verdun&rsquo;s sentinel ») had been shot down and seriously wounded on June 17th, 1916, he took off immediately. Alone, he made for the location where his friend had been downed, and dashed to an LVG C that he shot down without delay. He became so famous that either his name or his portrait featured on magazines, candy wrappers, and stamps, among the greatest aces in the hall of fame.</p>
<p><figure id="attachment_8334" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-8334" style="width: 300px" class="wp-caption alignright"><a href="/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/1916_timbres_cr_trypt.gif"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-8334 size-medium" title="GUYNEMER, LENOIR, GARROS – 1916 stamps" src="/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/1916_timbres_cr_trypt540.jpeg" alt="GUYNEMER, LENOIR, GARROS – 1916 stamps" width="300" height="139" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-8334" class="wp-caption-text">GUYNEMER, LENOIR, GARROS – 1916</figcaption></figure></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Maxime Lenoir had more than a hundred war missions, which was considerable at that time. Wounded twice in air combat, he kept on dogfighting. He took off the day after the take back of Fort Douaumont, wrecked havoc by the battle. He was flying his legendary SPAD VII tagged « <strong>Trompe la mort III</strong> » which meant « death-dodger » on October 25, 1916 when he was reported MIA until much later when he was declared « Dead for France ». However, he has never been found despite extensive searching.</p>
<p><figure id="attachment_8308" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-8308" style="width: 300px" class="wp-caption alignleft"><a href="/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/1916_Bonbons_as434.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-8308 size-medium" title="DORME &amp; LENOIR - 1916 Candy Wrapper" src="/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/1916_Bonbons_as434-300x261.jpg" alt="DORME &amp; LENOIR - 1916 Candy Wrapper" width="300" height="261" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/1916_Bonbons_as434-300x261.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/1916_Bonbons_as434.jpg 434w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-8308" class="wp-caption-text">DORME &amp; LENOIR &#8211; 1916 Candy Wrapper</figcaption></figure></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Unfortunately, this is why aviation history forgot him for almost a century. One of the most brilliant pilots had disappeared from World War 1 history. He remained all the same in a few books in English, and Jacques Mortane, the French journalist left several publications highlighting the role of Maxime Lenoir in aviation and air combat. Then nothing, almost nothing written on this pilot who was awarded the Legion d&rsquo;honneur, Médaille militaire, Croix de guerre with 8 palms, as well as the notorious Aeroclub of America, and Aeroclub of France gold medals!</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Only two men kept his remembrance alive &#8211; first, Abel Anjorand who has always been a long-time friend of Lenoir&rsquo;s family. He compiled a set of documents and pictures to leave a trace of the village&rsquo;s ace to future generations. Didier Lecoq, a journalist and historian, has revealed Maxime Lenoir&rsquo;s feats on his website aeroplanedetouraine.fr for a few years. The WW1 ace could have stayed hidden for possibly a couple more decades without Didier Lecoq&rsquo;s outstanding work.</p>
<p><figure id="attachment_8311" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-8311" style="width: 300px" class="wp-caption alignright"><a href="/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/1917_0405_lga_lenoir_brit605.jpeg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-medium wp-image-8311" title="Lenoir congratulated by British officers" src="/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/1917_0405_lga_lenoir_brit605-300x204.jpeg" alt="French ace Maxime Lenoir congratulated by British officers" width="300" height="204" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/1917_0405_lga_lenoir_brit605-300x204.jpeg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/1917_0405_lga_lenoir_brit605.jpeg 605w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-8311" class="wp-caption-text">Lenoir congratulated by British officers</figcaption></figure></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Last not least, there is good news since the national and regional officials have officially recognized Maxime Lenoir as the WW1 hero for Tours and Indre-et-Loire in the remembrance operation called « 100 cities, 100 heroes, and 100 flags » since last summer. A ceremony to pay tribute to the local hero was held in the capital of Touraine, Place Anatole France on the left bank of the Loire river on Friday, September 19th, 2014. The Lenoir&rsquo;s family, their friends and some veterans attended the ceremony which ended in the majestic festival hall at the city hall.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Though he did not know, Senior Master Sergeant (Adjudant &#8211; OR-8) Maxime Lenoir was to be promoted to 2nd Lieutenant in 1917. His disappearance in history handbooks for almost a century remains a mystery. Moreover, avgeeks, online gamers as well as modelists used Lenoir&rsquo;s features « Trompe la mort III », « Max », and « Backjumper » tagged from markings just along with Guynemer&rsquo;s « Vieux Charles ». No wonder if Maxime Lenoir recovered his position in aviation history for at least two books featuring the former ace are to be published between 2015 and 2016 &#8211; and quite rightly so. Among the 100 WW1 heroes, Lenoir turns out to be the 5th ace in victories out of 21 aces, and the second « Dead for France » ace after&#8230; Guynemer!</p>
<p align="justify"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Summary</span>:</p>
<h2 style="text-align: center;">ACE OF ACES &#8211; VERDUN 1916</h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Didier Lecoq (a historian and a journalist who is the co-author of <a href="https://www.amazon.fr/LAviation-Militaire-en-Indre-Loire/dp/2367463387">L’Aviation militaire en Indre-et-Loire</a>) was the first who had pointed out Maxime Lenoir, the forgotten ace, this ‘“<strong>Guynemer of the Loire Valley</strong>”’ since 2010. Without him, Lenoir would still be a forgotten ace. Only a few other people had remembered Maxime Lenoir&rsquo;s feats before &#8211; his family, and two friends of theirs, Abel Anjorand and Philippe Girard.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Maxime Lenoir, who had trained in Buc, had been performing « Looping the loop » on his « Backjumper » Blériot XI throughout France in airshows since February 7, 1914.<br />
Lenoir scored 11 victories and was reported missing in action on October 25, 1916. Didier Lecoq found out in September 2014 that Lenoir was shot down:</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"> https://aeroplanedetouraine.fr/</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Then in November 2015, he was reported from a historian in Berlin that the Germans erected a printed cross on Lenoir&rsquo;s tomb in his honour.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"> https://aeroplanedetouraine.fr/</p>
<p>For the record, <strong>Maxime Lenoir</strong> was <span style="text-decoration: underline;">as of October 25, 1916</span> :</p>
<p style="padding-left: 60px;"><strong>Verdun ace of aces </strong>for 3 months from June till October 1916<br />
<strong>Ace of aces among the Allies killed in action</strong>; until RFC Cpt Albert Ball&rsquo;s death on May 6, 1917<br />
<strong>1st French double ace killed in action</strong><br />
2nd double ace among the Allies killed in action<br />
3rd in victories among all the pilots killed in action<br />
3rd French ace killed in action after Pégoud and de Rochefort<br />
5th double ace in the world killed in action<br />
7th French pilot killed in action<br />
14th ace in the world killed in action</p>
<p style="padding-left: 60px; text-align: justify;">He may have been the <strong>first pilot in the world who shot down a Drachen-type balloon</strong> on June 15, 1915 &#8211; to be confirmed as we are still searching. That operation was highly risky since those sausage-balloons were fiercely defended by ground-based air defenses. Reginald Warneford, a brave British pilot had downed a Zeppelin 8 days before. Shooting down a Zeppelin was a different business &#8211; an altitude challenge to make it short. On the one hand, Warneford became famous for this feat. He was awarded the prestigious Victoria Cross and the Légion d&rsquo;Honneur. On the other hand, Lenoir&rsquo;s Drachen victory was barely noticed. It was recognized several months later and few people figured out how fierce a battle it involved.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 60px; text-align: justify;">He would have been the <strong>first pilot in the world who shot down a heavy bomber Gotha</strong> on September 25, 1916. Only a handful of gallant pilots managed to shoot down such a flying fortress. Neither Fonck, nor the other allied aces downed a Gotha. Only Guynemer, helped by Chainat recorded a victory, a Gotha claimed on February 8, 1917. Nungesser, the redoubtable ace, shot down two Gothas. Maxime Lenoir suffered a lot from that air combat which left him a wound or a bruise to the edge of his left eye.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify; padding-left: 60px;">Among those killed in action, according to the number of victories, Lenoir was <strong>number 1 among the allied aces</strong> and the 3rd in the world. This is why his MIA spread around the world in the press.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The German ace Oswald Boelcke died three days later, on October 28, 1916 with 40 victories. The French recorded two major losses in 1917 :<br />
René Dorme (23 victories) was KIA on May 25, 1917;<br />
Georges Guynemer was KIA on September 11, 1917.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">(as of January 31, 2016)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Step by step, as it is being confirmed, it turns out that Maxime Lenoir may have been the <strong>Ace of aces out of Verdun sky in 1916</strong>. At least between July and October 1916 while the French Poilus were through a glorious stage, regaining Fort Douaumont, then Fort Vaux. There is now a better understanding of that German prisoners claims about Lenoir&rsquo;s attacks in interrogations. After checking, Lenoir was used to flying due north beyond Verdun, overhead Douaumont and beyond more often than <strong>Nungesser</strong> for instance. Perhaps it was why his SPAD VII was marked « <strong>TROMPE LA MORT III</strong> » &#8211; Death-dodger III &#8211; on his fuselage. This confirms Jacques Mortane&rsquo;s articles which praised Lenoir as one of the best aces at that time.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Obviously, Maxime Lenoir also flew a Nieuport 17 in late 1916 equipped with an <strong>Éclair propeller</strong> from <strong>Marcel Dassault</strong> (Bloch at that time). The plane must have been very maneuverable at that time. It is the first ti<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-10333 alignright" src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/1917-aecf-M&eacute;daille-or2.jpg" alt="Médaille d'or de l'Aéroclub de France 1917 - Gold Medal" width="263" height="263" />me we have seen an Éclair propeller mounted on this type of aeroplane. The picture cannot be published at this time.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Last but not least, Maxime Lenoir, the 11-victory ace, was awarded the Legion d&rsquo;honneur, Médaille militaire, Croix de guerre with 8 palms, as well as the notorious<strong> Aeroclub of America, and Aeroclub of France gold medals!</strong> He was the first ace with Guynemer and a few others to be awarded these awards!</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;" align="justify">Postscript: it is the second article this blog has tagged « Maxime Lenoir » as another post featuring his name had been posted here: <a title="WW1 aces video featuring Maxime Lenoir" href="/2009/11/11/all-the-ww1-aces-of-the-french-air-force-23/">http://airforces/2009/11/11/all-the-ww1-aces-of-the-french-air-force-23/</a></p>
<p style="text-align: center;">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">En français</span>:</p>
<p><figure id="attachment_8313" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-8313" style="width: 213px" class="wp-caption alignleft"><a href="/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/1916_lenoir_helice3.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-medium wp-image-8313" title="Maxime Lenoir &amp; Nieuport - summer 1916" src="/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/1916_lenoir_helice3-213x300.jpg" alt="Maxime Lenoir &amp; Nieuport - summer 1916" width="213" height="300" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/1916_lenoir_helice3-213x300.jpg 213w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/1916_lenoir_helice3.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 213px) 100vw, 213px" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-8313" class="wp-caption-text"><em>Maxime Lenoir &amp; Nieuport &#8211; summer 1916</em></figcaption></figure></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Maxime LENOIR aurait eu 126 ans aujourd&rsquo;hui.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Il fut autrefois un des plus connus et talentueux pilotes de sa génération. Il avait été pionnier de l&rsquo;aviation alors qu&rsquo;il faisait partie de ces quelques pilotes capable d&rsquo;accomplir des boucles en voltige à la suite d&rsquo;Adolphe Pégoud entre 1913 et 1914. Il s&rsquo;engagea dans quelques courses d&rsquo;avions et de nombreux meetings aériens sur son Blériot XI surnommé  »Backjumper ». La presse locale, nationale et internationale commença à publier des articles sur son sens prodigue du pilotage dans les nombreux meetings aériens étant donné que les spectateurs l&rsquo;acclamaient à chaque fois qu&rsquo;il se produisait. Par exemple, il fut porté en triomphe après avoir avoir accompli des figures acrobatiques au-dessus du terrain d&rsquo;aviation de la famille Girard, « La Girardière » à Chargé son village natal en Indre-et-Loire où jusqu&rsquo;à 5000 personnes s&rsquo;étaient rassemblées pour assister à son show aérien en mai 1914.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Alors que la notoriété de Lenoir était croissante, l&rsquo;archiduc François-Ferdinand fut assassiné et la  »Guerre européenne » éclata. Il s&rsquo;engagea dans l&rsquo;armée peu de temps après. Malgré ses compétences exceptionnelles en tant que pilote, Maxime Lenoir fut malheureusement contraint de rejoindre la cavalerie française. Il continua ensuite à demander une mutation vers l&rsquo;Aéronautique militaire récemment créée par le général Hirschauer et devint pilote de chasse. Toutefois il fut d&rsquo;abord affecté au réglage du tir à l&rsquo;escadrille C18, puis il fut affecté à l&rsquo;escadrille N23 comme pilote de chasse. Il mena une guerre terrible au dessus des tranchées et engagea des combats aériens acharnés contre l&rsquo;aviation prussienne au dessus de Verdun. Il devint un des premiers pilotes à abattre un ballon. Après quelques victoires en 1915, il devint le meilleur pilote de chasse de la N23 en 1916 avec 11 victoires, ainsi que le plus décoré parmi des noms prestigieux : Pinsard, Casale, Gilbert, de Beauchamp, Rochechouart de Mortemart, Brindejonc des Moulinais, Roland Garros, Pulpe (venant de Russie), Baumont, etc.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;" align="justify">D&rsquo;après des témoignages de soldats allemand, Lenoir était un as très adroit et redoutable. Ils le connaissaient comme ils connaissaient Navarre, Nungesser, Guynemer, Dorme et bien sûr Boelcke. Il est important de rappeler que Mannock, Rickenbacker, Collishaw, Bishop, Löwenhardt, Little, Udet, McCudden, Fonck, Von Richthofen, Beauchamp-Proctor, and McLaren n&rsquo;étaient pas aussi célèbres à ce moment là car certains d&rsquo;entre eux n&rsquo;étaient pas des as ou ne comptaient pas autant de victoires. La guerre aérienne entre 1914 et 1916 était totalement différente de celle menée entre 1917 et 1918. Comme Lenoir avait été formé au terrain d&rsquo;aviation de Buc chez Blériot, la meilleure école d&rsquo;acrobatie aérienne, il parvenait à échapper au feu ennemi lorsque sa mitrailleuse s&rsquo;enrayait. Comme un toréador et de façon très habile, il savait comment leurrer les aéroplanes ennemis lorsque ses camarades pilotes subissaient un feu nourri. C&rsquo;était le roi de l&rsquo;esquive mais il prenait beaucoup de risques, trop peut-être. Il revint plusieurs fois au terrain de Vadelaincourt son avion criblé de balles. Il n&rsquo;hésitait jamais à voler au secours de ses camarades pilotes à chaque fois qu&rsquo;il le pouvait puisqu&rsquo;il osait faire face à plusieurs appareils allemands d&rsquo;affilée. Il avait la réputation d&rsquo;être un très bon ami ainsi qu&rsquo;un véritable salut dans le ciel de Verdun. Par exemple, lorsqu&rsquo;il apprit que son ami Navarre (surnommé  »la sentinelle de Verdun ») avait été abattu et grièvement blessé le 17 juin 1916, il décolla immédiatement. Seul, il se rendit sur les lieux où son ami avait été abattu et fonça sur un LVG C qu&rsquo;il descendit sans tarder. Il devint si célèbre que son nom ou son portrait figurait sur des magazines, des emballages de bonbons et des vignettes parmi les plus grands as au temple de la renommée.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;" align="justify">Maxime Lenoir totalisait plus d&rsquo;une centaine de missions de guerre, ce qui était considérable à cette époque. Blessé à deux reprises en combat aérien, il continua à livrer des combats aériens. Il décolla le lendemain de la reprise du fort de Douaumont ravagé par la bataille. Alors qu&rsquo;il était en mission de guerre le 25 octobre 1916 lors de la reprise de Fort Douaumont sur son légendaire SPAD VII marqué du surnom  »<em>Trompe la mort III</em> » il fut porté absent ce soir là puis disparu et ce n&rsquo;est que bien plus tard qu&rsquo;il fut déclaré  »Mort pour la France ». On ne l&rsquo;a cependant jamais retrouvé malgré de multiples recherches.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;" align="justify">Malheureusement, voilà pourquoi l&rsquo;histoire de l&rsquo;aviation l&rsquo;a oublié pendant presque un siècle. L&rsquo;un des plus brillants pilotes avait disparu de l&rsquo;histoire de la première guerre mondiale. Son souvenir subsistait tout de même dans quelques livres en anglais et Jacques Mortane, le journaliste français laissa plusieurs publications soulignant le rôle de Maxime Lenoir dans l&rsquo;aviation et le combat aérien. Puis plus rien, on n&rsquo;écrivit presque rien sur ce pilote qui fut décoré de la Légion d&rsquo;honneur, de la Médaille militaire, la Croix de guerre, ainsi que lui furent attribué les prestigieuses médailles d&rsquo;or de l&rsquo;Aéroclub d&rsquo;Amérique et de l&rsquo;Aéroclub de France!</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;" align="justify">Trois hommes seulement, ont su conserver son souvenir intact. Abel Anjorand qui a toujours été un ami de longue date de la famille Lenoir. Il a compilé toute une série de documents et d&rsquo;images pour laisser une trace de l&rsquo;as du village à de futures générations. Philippe Girard se souvient des histoires de sa famille qui a reçu Maxime Lenoir et son Blériot XI dans leur ferme de la Girardière en mai 1914. Didier Lecoq, journaliste et historien révèle depuis quelques années les exploits de Maxime Lenoir sur son site aeroplanedetouraine.fr . L&rsquo;as de la première guerre mondiale aurait pu rester caché pendant peut-être encore quelques décennies sans le magnifique travail de Didier Lecoq.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;" align="justify">Il y a enfin une bonne nouvelle puisque depuis l&rsquo;été dernier, les responsables nationaux et régionaux reconnaissent officiellement Maxime Lenoir comme le héros de la Grande guerre pour la ville de Tours et l&rsquo;Indre-et-Loire dans l&rsquo;opération de commémoration  »100 villes, 100 héros, 100 drapeaux ». Une cérémonie pour rendre hommage au héros local s&rsquo;est déroulée dans la capitale de Touraine, place Anatole France sur la rive gauche de la Loire le vendredi 19 septembre 2014. La famille Lenoir, leurs amis et des anciens combattants ont assisté à la cérémonie qui s&rsquo;acheva dans la majestueuse salle des fêtes de l&rsquo;hôtel de ville.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;" align="justify">Bien qu&rsquo;il ne le sut pas, l&rsquo;adjudant Maxime Lenoir devait être promu sous-lieutenant en 1917. Sa disparition des manuels d&rsquo;histoire pendant presque un siècle demeure un mystère. Ce qui est encore plus étrange, c&rsquo;est que des fans d&rsquo;aviation, des joueurs en ligne ainsi que des modélistes ont utilisé des symboles de Lenoir comme  »Trompe la mort III »,  »Max » et  »Backjumper » tirés pour certains de décalcomanies accompagnant le  »Vieux Charles » de Guynemer. Ce n&rsquo;est pas étonnant que Lenoir retrouve sa place dans l&rsquo;histoire de l&rsquo;aviation car au moins deux livres évoquant l&rsquo;ancien as doivent paraître entre 2015 et 2016 et fort justement. Parmi les 100 héros de la Grande guerre, il s&rsquo;avère que Lenoir est le 5ème as par le nombre de victoires sur un total de 21 aviateurs et il est dans cette liste le second as  »Mort pour la France » juste après… Guynemer !</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;" align="justify"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">En résumé:</span></p>
<h2 style="text-align: center;">L&rsquo;AS DES AS DE VERDUN 1916</h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Didier Lecoq (historien et journaliste à La Nouvelle République, co-auteur de <a href="https://www.amazon.fr/LAviation-Militaire-en-Indre-Loire/dp/2367463387">L&rsquo;Aviation militaire en Indre-et-Loire</a>) a le premier fait resurgir Maxime Lenoir, l’as oublié, ce &lsquo;“<strong>Guynemer de Touraine</strong>”&rsquo; depuis au moins 2010. Sans lui, Lenoir serait toujours un as oublié. Avant lui, peu de gens se souvenaient des exploits de Maxime Lenoir: sa famille et deux de leurs amis: Abel Anjorand et Philippe Girard.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Maxime Lenoir, formé à Buc, exécutait à travers la France des représentations &lsquo;“Looping the loop”&rsquo; sur Blériot XI depuis au moins le 7 février 1914.<br />
Lenoir avait 11 victoires et fût porté disparu le 25/10/1916. En septembre 2014, Didier Lecoq découvre que Lenoir a été abattu :</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"> https://aeroplanedetouraine.fr/</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Puis en novembre 2015 il reçoit l’information d&rsquo;un historien collectionneur berlinois selon laquelle Lenoir aurait aussi reçu l’honneur d’une croix gravée par les allemands :</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"> https://aeroplanedetouraine.fr/</p>
<p>Pour mémoire, <strong>Maxime Lenoir</strong> était <span style="text-decoration: underline;">au 25 octobre 1916</span>:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 60px;"><strong>L&rsquo;as des as de Verdun </strong>depuis 3 mois<br />
<strong>As des as parmi les Alliés morts au combat</strong>, jusqu&rsquo;au 6 mai 1917 (Albert Ball)<br />
<strong>1er double as français mort au combat</strong><br />
2e double as parmi les Alliés morts au combat<br />
3e as au monde en nombre de victoires parmi les pilotes morts au combat<br />
3e as français mort au combat après Pégoud et de Rochefort<br />
5e double-as au monde mort au combat<br />
7e pilote français mort au combat<br />
14e as au monde mort au combat</p>
<p style="padding-left: 60px; text-align: justify;">Il a peut-être été <strong>le premier pilote au monde à abattre un ballon de type Drachen</strong> en juin 1915. (à confirmer, cherchons toujours) Cette opération était hautement périlleuse tant ces ballons étaient bien défendus par des batteries sol-air. Reginald Warneford, un vaillant pilote britannique avait abattu un Zeppelin 8 jours plus tôt. Descendre un Zeppelin était une toute autre affaire &#8211; en très bref, il s&rsquo;agissait de prendre l&rsquo;ascendant en termes d&rsquo;altitude. D&rsquo;un côté de la Manche, Warneford devint célèbre pour cet exploit. Il a été décoré de la Victoria Cross et de la Légion d&rsquo;Honneur pour cette première. De l&rsquo;autre côté de la Manche, le Drachen abattu par Lenoir fût à peine mentionné. Il ne fut reconnu que bien plus tard (plusieurs mois) car peu de gens pouvaient s&rsquo;imaginer quel âpre combat aérien cela impliquait.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 60px; text-align: justify;">Il aurait accompli l&rsquo;exploit d&rsquo;être <strong>le premier au monde à abattre un Gotha</strong> le 25 septembre 1916. A l&rsquo;exception d&rsquo;une poignée de pilotes valeureux, ni René Fonck, ni les autres as alliés ne seraient parvenus à abattre une telle forteresse volante. Seuls Guynemer, avec l&rsquo;aide de Chainat aurait enregistré une victoire sur Gotha le 8 février 1917. Quant à Nungesser, le redoutable, il en aurait descendu deux. Maxime Lenoir a beaucoup souffert de ce combat qui lui a laissé une blessure sur le coin de l&rsquo;oeil gauche.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 60px; text-align: justify;">Parmi les morts au combat, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">au nombre de victoires</span>, il était <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>n°1 du côté des alliés</strong></span> et le 3e as au monde, ce qui explique l’écho de sa disparition dans la presse internationale.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">L’allemand Oswald Boelcke est mort au combat 3 jours plus tard, le 28 octobre 1916 avec tout de même 40 victoires. Côté français, deux pertes au moins aussi importantes en 1917 :<br />
&#8211; Le français René Dorme (23 victoires) est mort au combat le 25 mai 1917<br />
&#8211; Georges Guynemer est mort au combat le 11 septembre 1917.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Cela se confirme peu à peu, il apparaît que Maxime Lenoir était probablement l’<strong>As des as du ciel de Verdun en 1916</strong>. Du moins entre juillet et octobre 1916 dans une période victorieuse française (reconquête de Douaumont puis Vaux) On comprend mieux les témoignages des prisonniers allemands lors d’interrogatoires. Après vérifications, Lenoir allait toujours plus au nord de Verdun, au-dessus de Douaumont et au-delà, bien plus souvent que <strong>Nungesser</strong> par exemple. D’où peut-être une part de son surnom sur son fuselage « <strong>TROMPE LA MORT III</strong> ». Ceci confirme les articles de Jacques Mortane qui considérait Lenoir comme un des meilleurs as de l&rsquo;époque.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Visiblement Maxime Lenoir volait aussi fin 1916 sur un Nieuport 17 modifié avec <strong>hélice Éclair</strong> de chez <strong>Marcel Dassault</strong> (Bloch à l’époque). L’appareil devait être extrêmement maniable pour l’époque. C&rsquo;est la première fois que nous voyons une hélice Éclair sur ce type d&rsquo;appareil. On ne peut pas publier la photo pour le moment.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Enfin et surtout, Maxime Lenoir, l&rsquo;as aux 11 victoires, a été un des premiers à être décoré de la Legion d&rsquo;honneur, la Médaille militaire, la Croix de guerre avec 8 palmes. Chose tout à fait exceptionnelle, on lui a aussi décerné les médailles d&rsquo;or de l&rsquo;<strong> Aeroclub d&rsquo;Amérique et de l&rsquo;Aeroclub de France.</strong> Il a été le premier as avec entre autre Guynemer à recevoir de telles distinctions.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;" align="justify">Post-scriptum: c&rsquo;est la seconde fois que Maxime Lenoir figure dans un article de ce blog: <a title="Vidéo sur les as de la première guerre mondiale citant Maxime Lenoir" href="/2009/11/11/all-the-ww1-aces-of-the-french-air-force-23/">http://airforces.fr/2009/11/11/all-the-ww1-aces-of-the-french-air-force-23/</a></p>
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<p>The post <a href="https://airforces.fr/2014/12/22/among-greatest-pilots-maxime-lenoir-destiny/">AMONG GREATEST PILOTS &#8211; MAXIME LENOIR DESTINY</a> appeared first on <a href="https://airforces.fr">AVIATION ENGLISH</a>.</p>
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		<title>CLEMENT ADER MOVIE PROJECT</title>
		<link>https://airforces.fr/2014/12/16/clement-ader-movie-project/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Toni G.]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 16 Dec 2014 17:50:18 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[19th Century]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Avion 3]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Eole]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[France]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ader]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AERONAUTICS]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[AVIATION]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bilingual]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Cinema]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cotton]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Crowdfunding]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Director]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Documentary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Film]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>&#160; &#160; &#160; Has Clément Ader had a lot of clout in aviation history? This is one of the questions and issues a brand new project will examine and try to answer. « Clément Ader &#8211; le film » (Clément Ader &#8211;<span class="ellipsis">&#8230;</span></p>
<div class="read-more"><a href="https://airforces.fr/2014/12/16/clement-ader-movie-project/">Lire la suite <span class="screen-reader-text">CLEMENT ADER MOVIE PROJECT</span><span class="meta-nav"> &#8250;</span></a></div>
<p><!-- end of .read-more --></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://airforces.fr/2014/12/16/clement-ader-movie-project/">CLEMENT ADER MOVIE PROJECT</a> appeared first on <a href="https://airforces.fr">AVIATION ENGLISH</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><center></p>
<p><figure id="attachment_8222" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-8222" style="width: 486px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/wallpaper3-540.jpeg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-8222" title="Clément Ader's Avion 3 at Salon Aéronautique 1909" src="/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/wallpaper3-540.jpeg" alt="Clément Ader's Avion 3 at Salon Aéronautique 1909" width="486" height="324" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/wallpaper3-540.jpeg 541w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/wallpaper3-540-300x200.jpeg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 486px) 100vw, 486px" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-8222" class="wp-caption-text">Clément Ader&rsquo;s Avion 3 at « Le Grand Palais » in Paris, France &#8211; 1909</figcaption></figure></p>
<p></center>&nbsp;</p>
<p><figure id="attachment_8229" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-8229" style="width: 211px" class="wp-caption alignright"><a href="/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/brochure-ader_HD.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-medium wp-image-8229" src="/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/brochure-ader_3-211x300.jpg" alt="What if aviation history had to be rewritten?" width="211" height="300" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-8229" class="wp-caption-text">What if aviation history had to be rewritten?</figcaption></figure></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Has Clément Ader had a lot of clout in aviation history? This is one of the questions and issues a brand new project will examine and try to answer.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">« Clément Ader &#8211; le film » (Clément Ader &#8211; the movie) project was born a few months ago thanks to a French team led by Sylvain Thomas &#8211; an aviation geek, with extensive experience in light aircraft videos, and as a former chief editor of an aviation magazine &#8211; and Thomas Leroux who has extensive experience as a TV channel director.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">It all started by the idea of re-writing aviation history as far as Ader is concerned for the French engineer may not have revealed the whole of his activity. Some Satory archives were released in 1990 only. Besides, it has been clearly established that Clément Ader used to be bound by military secrecy, and it is believed that the inventor may have well hidden some of his projects. Besides, he happened to undervalue his performance. Was it any confession? Or odd attitude? Anyway, the plot lies in the first part of the film and consists of a fiction that reports earlier Ader&rsquo;s flights that could have happened in the 1870s whereas the second part is a documentary developped by several aviation experts and historians. We cannot tell you more, of course.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The directors placed their idea on <a title="Clément Ader - le film - Crowdfunding" href="https://fr.ulule.com/clement-ader/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Ulule</a> &#8211; a crowdfunding website, and they gathered enough money for starting up. They  have received considerable support from José Garcia, the French movie star &#8211; and pilot &#8211; and the actress and singer Véronique Jeannot who used to sponsor the Patrouille de France, and brought out the album « Aviateur » in 1988. The guest stars have sponsored « <a title="Rêves de gosse - Association" href="https://revesdegosse.fr/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Rêves de gosse</a>« , an association helping impaired children. More than a hundred other avgeeks gave their support in the crowdfunding, and the film is now on the making. Xavier Cotton (<a title="Passion pour l&#039;aviation" href="https://www.passionpourlaviation.fr/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://passiondesavions.blogspot.fr/</a>) is one of them, and he has already helped Prepa PLS Anglais a lot with his photos, and given his expertise in the field of aeronautics.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Clément Ader &#8211; le film &amp; Prepa PLS Anglais have spontaneously begun a partnership, helping each other as often as possible. It must be noted that both structures share the same interests, particularly by promoting aviation history, and even rewriting it. You will be kept posted sooner or later&#8230;</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The team has already released a few quite interesting videos which deal with aeronautical issues in the broadest sense on their <a title="Avianoob - Chaîne vidéo sur l&#039;aéronautique" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/clementaderlefilm?ucbcb=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">their Youtube channel</a> in a French-speaking series called « Avianoob ». It is worth a visit, and may represent learning resource for BIA(Brevet d&rsquo;Initiation Aéronautique) as well as CAEA (Certificat d&rsquo;Aptitude à l&rsquo;Enseignement Aéronautique) candidates.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Last, not the least, Sylvain and Thomas, to their credit, made the decision of donating part of the profits from DVD sales to « <a title="Rêves de gosse - Association" href="https://revesdegosse.fr/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Rêves de gosse</a>« .</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">En français</span>:</p>
<p><figure id="attachment_8236" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-8236" style="width: 300px" class="wp-caption alignleft"><a href="/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/eoleAM2.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-medium wp-image-8236" src="/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/eoleAM2-300x165.jpg" alt="L'Eole de Clément Ader" width="300" height="165" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/eoleAM2-300x165.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/eoleAM2.jpg 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-8236" class="wp-caption-text">L&rsquo;Eole de Clément Ader</figcaption></figure></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Peut-on dire que Clément Ader a beaucoup marqué l&rsquo;histoire de l&rsquo;aviation de son influence? C&rsquo;est une des questions qu&rsquo;un projet flambant neuf tentera d&rsquo;élucider.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Le projet « Clément Ader &#8211; le film » a vu le jour il y a quelques mois grâce à une équipe menée par Sylvain Thomas (fan d&rsquo;aviation avec une grande expérience sur le tournage de vidéos d&rsquo;avions légers, il fût rédacteur-en-chef d&rsquo;un magazine sur l&rsquo;aviation) et Thomas Leroux qui a une grande expérience comme réalisateur d&rsquo;une chaîne télévisée.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Tout a commencé avec l&rsquo;idée de réécrire l&rsquo;histoire de l&rsquo;aviation en ce qui concerne Ader car il se peut que l&rsquo;ingénieur français n&rsquo;ait pas tout dévoilé de son activité. Des archives de Satory ne furent rendues publiques qu&rsquo;en 1990. D&rsquo;autre part, il a clairement été établi que jadis, Clément Ader était tenu au secret militaire et on croit qu&rsquo;il se peut que certains projets de l&rsquo;inventeur aient bien été cachés. Par ailleurs, il est arrivé qu&rsquo;il minimise ses performances. Etait-ce un aveu? Ou une étrange attitude? Bref, l&rsquo;histoire, dans la première partie du film consiste en une fiction selon laquelle des précédents vols d&rsquo;Ader auraient pu avoir lieu dans les années 1870 tandis que la seconde partie est un documentaire développé par des experts de l&rsquo;aviation et des historiens. Bien entendu, nous ne pouvons pas vous en dire plus.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Les réalisateurs on mis leur idée en ligne sur <a title="Clément Ader - le film - Crowdfunding" href="https://fr.ulule.com/clement-ader/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Ulule</a> (un site de crowdfuning) et ils ont rassemblé suffisamment de fonds pour démarrer leur projet. Ils ont bénéficié d&rsquo;un appui considérable de José Garcia, la star du cinéma et pilote d&rsquo;aviation et de l&rsquo;actrice chanteuse Véronique Jeannot qui avait été une marraine de la Patrouille de France et avait sorti l&rsquo;album « Aviateur » en 1988. Les deux vedettes du petit et du grand écran ont parainné « <a title="Rêves de gosse - Association" href="https://revesdegosse.fr/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Rêves de gosse</a>« , une association qui aide les enfants en difficulté ou en situation de handicap. Une grosse centaine de pasionnés d&rsquo;aviation ont apporté leur soutien lors du crowdfunding et la réalisation du film est en cours. L&rsquo;un d&rsquo;entre eux est Xavier Cotton (<a title="Passion pour l&#039;aviation" href="https://www.passionpourlaviation.fr/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://passiondesavions.blogspot.fr/</a>) qui a déjà beaucoup aidé Prépa PLS Anglais avec ses photos et grâce à son expertise dans le domaine de l&rsquo;aéronautique.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Clément Ader &#8211; le film et Prepa PLS Anglais ont spontanément démarré un partenariat dans une aide mutuelle aussi fréquente que possible. Il faut dire que les deux structures partagent les mêmes intérêts. Particulièrement en faisant la promotion de l&rsquo;histoire de l&rsquo;aviation et même en la réécrivant. Vous serez tenus informés tôt ou tard&#8230;</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">L&rsquo;équipe a déjà réalisé quelques vidéos ô combien intéressantes qui traitent de questions sur l&rsquo;aéronautique au sens très large sur <a title="Avianoob - Chaîne vidéo sur l&#039;aéronautique" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/clementaderlefilm?ucbcb=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">leur chaîne Youtube</a> dans une rubrique intitulée « Avianoob ». Elle vaut le détour et peut représenter une aide pédagogique pour les candidats au BIA(Brevet d&rsquo;Initiation Aéronautique) voire au CAEA (Certificat d&rsquo;Aptitude à l&rsquo;Enseignement Aéronautique).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Dernier point et pas le moindre, Sylvain et Thomas ont pris la décision de reverser une partie de leurs bénéfices des ventes de DVD et c&rsquo;est tout à leur honneur, en faveur de l&rsquo;association « <a title="Rêves de gosse - Association" href="https://revesdegosse.fr/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Rêves de gosse</a>« .</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Source des images:</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><center></p>
<p><figure id="attachment_8224" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-8224" style="width: 300px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-8224 size-medium" src="/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/fond-slide-1optimfilm-300x109.jpg" alt="Clément Ader flying" width="300" height="109" /><figcaption id="caption-attachment-8224" class="wp-caption-text">Clément Ader flying</figcaption></figure></p>
<p></center></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Bande annonce:</p>
<p><center><iframe loading="lazy" title="&quot;Clément Ader : Et s&#039;il fallait réécrire l&#039;Histoire ?&quot; Bande-annonce n°2" width="1140" height="641" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/V3v_tCjLiJI?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p></center>&nbsp;</p>
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<p>The post <a href="https://airforces.fr/2014/12/16/clement-ader-movie-project/">CLEMENT ADER MOVIE PROJECT</a> appeared first on <a href="https://airforces.fr">AVIATION ENGLISH</a>.</p>
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		<title>PILOT&#8217;S HEROIC, TRAGIC FATE</title>
		<link>https://airforces.fr/2014/06/13/pilots-heroic-tragic-fate/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Toni G.]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 13 Jun 2014 16:53:50 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Family]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Feats]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[France]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[HISTORY]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[P-38]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[P-51]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pilots]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Veterans]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[WW2]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[1944]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Books]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bravery]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Courage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Destiny]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Feat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Florian Rochat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gallantry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Garreau]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Kindle]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[LeRoy Lutz]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Little Eagle]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://airforces.fr/?p=8157</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>&#160; THE LEGEND OF LITTLE EAGLE « The Legend of Little Eagle » is a novel about destinies that intersect. It is based on a true story which involved an actual American pilot &#8211; Lieutenant LeRoy Lutz &#8211; whose warplane was hit<span class="ellipsis">&#8230;</span></p>
<div class="read-more"><a href="https://airforces.fr/2014/06/13/pilots-heroic-tragic-fate/">Lire la suite <span class="screen-reader-text">PILOT&#8217;S HEROIC, TRAGIC FATE</span><span class="meta-nav"> &#8250;</span></a></div>
<p><!-- end of .read-more --></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://airforces.fr/2014/06/13/pilots-heroic-tragic-fate/">PILOT&rsquo;S HEROIC, TRAGIC FATE</a> appeared first on <a href="https://airforces.fr">AVIATION ENGLISH</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><figure style="width: 276px" class="wp-caption alignright"><a href="http://www.florianrochat.com/wp/2014/05/09/the-legend-of-little-eagle-war-aviation-romance-destiny/" class="broken_link" rel="nofollow"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="" title="Florian Rochat's book cover - The legend of Little Eagle" src="http://www.florianrochat.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Cover-LE-English.jpg" alt="Florian Rochat's book cover - The legend of Little Eagle" width="276" height="418" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text"><em> Book Cover</em></figcaption></figure></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>THE LEGEND OF LITTLE EAGLE</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">« The Legend of Little Eagle » is a novel about destinies that intersect. It is based on a true story which involved an actual American pilot &#8211; Lieutenant LeRoy Lutz &#8211; whose warplane was hit by anti-aircraft fire while strafing a German train. He then made the decision of purposefully crashing into a clear area instead of dashing into a French village called Mardeuil in Champagne, in June 1944. He did not survive to his feat, but the villagers did.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">LeRoy Lutz has been turned into « John Philippe Garreau », and LeRoy Lutz flew a P-38 Lightning whereas Garreau is on a P-51 Mustang for the novel.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Here is further information about this book from a post written by Florian Rochat &#8211; the book&rsquo;s author &#8211; published in French on January 24th, 2012:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;"><em>In 1999, while I was in Montana researching my novel « Cougar corridor », I discovered a letter mailed from France in 1947. It said how a pilot of the US Army Air Force, Lieutenant LeRoy Lutz, had avoided a tragedy by staying on his damaged plane in order not to fall on a small village of Champagne, Mardeuil. It was in June 1944. Having renounced the bail out option while still able to do so, Lutz (picture below) had paid with his life this heroic act. His Lightning P-38 crashed in a field.</em></p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;"><em>I told in a previous article of this blog how this letter led me to write my latest novel, The Legend of Little Eagle.</em></p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;"><em>But now I have found its author. His name is André Mathy and he lives in Epernay, France&#8230;</em></p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;"><em>&#8230;Time passes by, History is forgotten, but for the old inhabitants of Mardeuil LeRoy Lutz is always a hero whose sacrifice helped avoid civilian casualties in their village. « This story keeps coming to my mind, » said André Mathy.</em></p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;"><em>I have been able to find him, which moves me. For this endpoint in the long story that was the writing of The Legend of Little Eagle highlights a surprising phenomenon on which I return repeatedly &#8211; over the reconstruction of the life of my hero who experienced a similar fate to LeRoy Lutz &#8211; in this story in which the notion of fate is perhaps the theme: the meaning and weight of stories, as explained in several books by William Kittredge, one of the great writers of Montana. According to him, our lives are ceaselessly intertwined with narrative, with the stories that we tell or hear told, those that we dream or imagine or would like to tell, all of which are reworked in that story of our own lives that we narrate to ourselves in an episodic, somewhat semiconscious, but virtually uninterrupted monologue. We live immersed in narrative (have you noticed?) These stories allow us, according to him, to situate ourselves in the world, and find meaning in our existence in the chaos of life. « We live in stories. We are stories, »  he asserts.</em></p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;"><em>“We tell stories to talk out the trouble in our lives, trouble otherwise so often so unspeakable. It is one of our main ways of making our lives sensible. Trying to live without stories can make us crazy. They help us recognize what we believe to be most valuable in the world, and help us identify what we hold demonic,” Kittredge adds.</em></p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;"><em>Seventeen years ago, when he finally learned about his father&rsquo;s display of courage, Richard Lutz, LeRoy&rsquo;s son, declared: « I was twelve years old when my mother told me that my father had died in France. I always thought he was the bravest pilot on earth. But now I know. »</em></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"> This book has already had 4.7 stars out of 13 customer reviews on <a title="&quot;La légende de Little Eagle&quot; in French on Amazon" href="https://www.amazon.fr/l%C3%A9gende-Little-Eagle-Lh%C3%A9ro%C3%AFque-am%C3%A9ricain-ebook/product-reviews/B0060C5HPA/ref=dpx_acr_txt?showViewpoints=1">Amazon.fr</a>. It is a breath-taking novel according to them. The readers did love Florian Rochat&rsquo;s talent and style. The synopsis made them believe that it was a book on aviation. It is, with many scenes of air combat during John Philip Garreau&rsquo;s missions over Germany and France. But there is more to it. As mentioned above, it mainly deals with puzzling questions on destiny and fates bound within a same tragic event. However, these readers loved reading this unbelievable story. Air combat is not swept out of sight as the act of gallantry when LeRoy Lutz veered away from the village to save lives is well highlighted. Moreover, the hero amazingly meets with a famous WWII aviator.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Many reviews, and articles have been posted about this book, especially in French since it was first written in French. Here are two of them:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a title="La Bauge littéraire: Florian Rochat, La légende de Little Eagle – l’atroce ténacité du passé" href="https://baugelitt.eu/florian-rochat-la-legende-de-little-eagle-le-passe-tenace/">https://baugelitt.eu/florian-rochat-la-legende-de-little-eagle-le-passe-tenace/</a></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">You can read Florian Rochat&rsquo;s biography on Xavier Cotton&rsquo;s blog « <a title="Florian rochat&#039;s biography - Read the post end" href="http://www.passionpourlaviation.fr/2014/05/11/the-legend-of-little-eagle-of-florian-rochat/">Passion pour l&rsquo;Aviation</a>« . Special thanks to Xavier who passed the information on.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">« The Legend of Little Eagle » is on sale as an ebook on <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Legend-Little-Eagle-heroic-fighter-ebook/dp/B00K5SVTYI">Amazon.com</a>, <a href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/Legend-Little-Eagle-heroic-fighter-ebook/dp/B00K5SVTYI" class="broken_link" rel="nofollow">Amazon.co.UK</a>, <a href="https://www.amazon.ca/Legend-Little-Eagle-heroic-fighter-ebook/dp/B00K5SVTYI/">Amazon.ca</a>, and <a href="https://www.amazon.com.au/Legend-Little-Eagle-heroic-fighter-ebook/dp/B00K5SVTYI">Amazon.com.au</a>, <a href="https://www.smashwords.com/books/view/436012">Smashwords</a> and other digital platforms, and as a paperback on all Amazon bookstores. Author&rsquo;s website: <a title="Florian Rochat&#039;s website" href="https://www.florianrochat.com">www.florianrochat.com</a></p>
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<p>The post <a href="https://airforces.fr/2014/06/13/pilots-heroic-tragic-fate/">PILOT&rsquo;S HEROIC, TRAGIC FATE</a> appeared first on <a href="https://airforces.fr">AVIATION ENGLISH</a>.</p>
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		<title>ER 2/33 SAVOIE &#8211; AMONG OLDEST SQUADRONS</title>
		<link>https://airforces.fr/2012/12/01/er-233-savoie-among-oldest-squadrons/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Toni G.]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 01 Dec 2012 01:01:40 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[AERONAUTICS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aviation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[BAC]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>December 1, 2012 &#160; &#160; The French Air Force 2/33 « Savoie » Reconnaissance Squadron celebrated its centenary on June 22, 2012. The centennial was presided over by General de Rousiers, a former 2/33 pilot in the 1980s, who is now the<span class="ellipsis">&#8230;</span></p>
<div class="read-more"><a href="https://airforces.fr/2012/12/01/er-233-savoie-among-oldest-squadrons/">Lire la suite <span class="screen-reader-text">ER 2/33 SAVOIE &#8211; AMONG OLDEST SQUADRONS</span><span class="meta-nav"> &#8250;</span></a></div>
<p><!-- end of .read-more --></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://airforces.fr/2012/12/01/er-233-savoie-among-oldest-squadrons/">ER 2/33 SAVOIE &#8211; AMONG OLDEST SQUADRONS</a> appeared first on <a href="https://airforces.fr">AVIATION ENGLISH</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>December 1, 2012</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><figure id="attachment_7630" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-7630" style="width: 399px" class="wp-caption alignleft"><a href="/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/savoie_003c.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-7630 " title="savoie_003b" src="/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/savoie_003b.jpg" alt="Mirage F1CR Upside down - ER 02/033 &quot;Savoy&quot;, SAL 6 &quot;Rhine Gull&quot; - Recce from 1912 till 2012" width="399" height="600" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/savoie_003b.jpg 399w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/savoie_003b-200x300.jpg 200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 399px) 100vw, 399px" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-7630" class="wp-caption-text">Mirage F1CR Upside down         &#8211;         ER 02/033 « Savoy », SAL 6 « Rhine Gull »       &#8211;       <em>Recce from 1912 till 2012</em></figcaption></figure></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>The French Air Force 2/33 « Savoie » Reconnaissance Squadron celebrated its centenary on June 22, 2012</strong>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
<p style="text-align: justify;">The centennial was presided over by General de Rousiers, a former 2/33 pilot in the 1980s, who is now the permanent Chairman of the European Union Military Committee (CEUMC).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">This ceremony was held at BA 118 FAF Station in Mont de Marsan, in the southwest of France. It was more particularly dedicated to its oldest flight (<em>escadrille</em> in French) &#8211; <strong>SAL 6</strong>, which means <strong>Salmson</strong> aircraft, and 6 as the sixth flight created in the French Army Aviation.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">This creation occurred in December 1912, but traces of its previous existence might be found as early as September 1912, and maybe earlier. I will keep you posted if necessary.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
<p style="text-align: justify;">The centennial had begun earlier on Friday 22nd of June in the morning with the presentation of the Rhine Gull insignia to the new SAL 6 Flight members.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Some of the senior members invited &#8211; all veterans &#8211; could see that their traditions were kept up at a high level as the candidates had to go through various « ordeals » to deserve their brand new badges.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The SAL 6 flight&rsquo;s emblem consists of a white bird, a Rhine gull clad with a blue circle as shown hereafter:</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><figure id="attachment_7619" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-7619" style="width: 300px" class="wp-caption alignleft"><a href="/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/SAL_06_056b.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-medium wp-image-7619" title="SAL_06_056b" src="/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/SAL_06_056b-300x186.jpg" alt="ER 2/33 Savoie reconnaissance squadron, SAL 6 &quot;Rhine Gull&quot; Flight Emblem" width="300" height="186" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-7619" class="wp-caption-text">ER 2/33 Savoie Recce Squadron, SAL 6 « Rhine Gull » Emblem</figcaption></figure></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><figure id="attachment_7620" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-7620" style="width: 331px" class="wp-caption alignright"><a href="/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/SAL_6_063b.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class=" wp-image-7620" title="SAL_6_063b" src="/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/SAL_6_063b-300x103.jpg" alt="ER 2/33 Savoie recce squadron, SAL 6 &quot;Rhine Gull&quot; Flight Emblem" width="331" height="113" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/SAL_6_063b-300x103.jpg 300w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/SAL_6_063b.jpg 555w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 331px) 100vw, 331px" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-7620" class="wp-caption-text">ER 2/33 Savoie, SAL 6 « Rhine Gull » Emblem</figcaption></figure></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">It is assumed that the origins of the SAL 6 flight emblem date back to 1920.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><center></p>
<p><figure id="attachment_7679" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-7679" style="width: 586px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><a href="/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/savoie_002.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class=" wp-image-7679" title="savoie_002b" src="/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/savoie_002b.jpg" alt="Mirage F1CR and previous ER 2/33 SAL 6 aircraft" width="586" height="190" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/savoie_002b.jpg 650w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/savoie_002b-300x97.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 586px) 100vw, 586px" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-7679" class="wp-caption-text">Mirage F1CR and previous ER 2/33 SAL 6 aircraft</figcaption></figure></p>
<p></center>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><figure id="attachment_7681" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-7681" style="width: 645px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><a href="/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/20120622F1CRdroitc.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class=" wp-image-7681" title="20120622F1CRdroitc" src="/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/20120622F1CRdroitc-1024x216.jpg" alt="Mirage F1CR starboard and previous ER 2/33 SAL 6 aircraft" width="645" height="136" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-7681" class="wp-caption-text">Mirage F1CR starboard and previous ER 2/33 SAL 6 aircraft</figcaption></figure></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">SAL 6 was disbanded for almost a year in Germany from April 10, 1919.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The flight was created anew in Germany into the 16th flight of the 33rd Aerial Observation Regiment (33eme RAO). That new flight would have kept the SAL 6, C 6, and D6 traditions since the calling SAL 6 remained along with 16th flight (16ème escadrille) for that decade. However, it would have had a new batch of pilots, mechanics, and aircraft.</p>
<p><figure id="attachment_7623" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-7623" style="width: 266px" class="wp-caption alignright"><a href="/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/savoie_001c.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-7623" title="savoie_001b" src="/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/savoie_001b.jpg" alt="Mirage F1CR - ER 02/033 Savoie, Escadrille SAL 6 &quot;Mouette du Rhin&quot; en extrados de dessus - 100eme anniversaire" width="266" height="400" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/savoie_001b.jpg 266w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/savoie_001b-200x300.jpg 200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 266px) 100vw, 266px" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-7623" class="wp-caption-text">Mirage F1CR &#8211; Recce Squadron ER 02/033 « Savoy », Flight SAL 6 « Rhine gull » &#8211; 100th anniversary</figcaption></figure></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Among those aircraft, there would have been a SAL 70 flight aircraft &#8211; a Salmson 2A2 &#8211; on which the SAL 70 emblem was painted. It was a white gull with a blue disk on its background.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">There were many Rhine gulls flying around where SAL 6 stationed from 1920 until 1930 (<a title="Gossenheim map" href="https://www.google.co.uk/maps/search/gossenheim/@50.018329,9.783325,8z/data=!4m2!2m1!4b1?hl=en&amp;dg=dbrw&amp;newdg=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Gossenheim</a>; <a title="Krefeld map" href="https://www.google.fr/maps/search/krefeld/@51.337476,6.586304,10z/data=!4m2!2m1!4b1?hl=fr&amp;dg=dbrw&amp;newdg=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Krefeld</a>; and <a title="Bochum map" href="https://www.google.fr/maps/search/Bochum,+Allemagne/@51.481383,7.229004,6z?hl=fr&amp;dg=dbrw&amp;newdg=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Bochum</a>), and blue was the color of reconnaissance.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">As SAL 6 had to remain in the Rhineland area, and its main mission consisted in performing reconnaissance missions, that SAL 70 Salmson aircraft turned out to be a timely addition.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">It was therefore decided to take the SAL 70 symbol to be slightly changed into a Rhine gull surrounded by a blue circle.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">In the early years, the first SAL6 Flight marking would have looked like this one below, and it may have featured an Egyptian Eagle:</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><figure id="attachment_7677" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-7677" style="width: 150px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/mcbrbsal6.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-thumbnail wp-image-7677" title="mcbrbsal6" src="/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/mcbrbsal6-150x150.jpg" alt="Original ER 2/33 Savoie D6, C6, and SAL6 Aircraft Marking" width="150" height="150" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/mcbrbsal6-150x150.jpg 150w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/mcbrbsal6-25x25.jpg 25w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-7677" class="wp-caption-text">Original D6, C6, and SAL6 Aircraft Marking</figcaption></figure></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><figure id="attachment_7631" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-7631" style="width: 641px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/savoie_004c.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-7631" title="savoie_004b" src="/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/savoie_004b.jpg" alt="Mirage F1CR above clouds - ER 02/033 &quot;Savoie&quot;, SAL 6 &quot;Mouette du Rhin&quot; - &quot;100 ans de Reco&quot; !" width="641" height="427" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/savoie_004b.jpg 641w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/savoie_004b-300x200.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 641px) 100vw, 641px" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-7631" class="wp-caption-text">Mirage F1CR above clouds &#8211; ER 02/033 « Savoie », SAL 6 « Mouette du Rhin » &#8211; « 100 ans de Reco » !</figcaption></figure></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><figure id="attachment_7665" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-7665" style="width: 373px" class="wp-caption alignleft"><a href="/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/20120622_100_ans_SAL_06_Mouette-135c.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-7665" title="20120622_100_ans_SAL_06_Mouette 135b" src="/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/20120622_100_ans_SAL_06_Mouette-135b.jpg" alt="Mirage F1CR fin - 02033 SAVOIE Recce Sqn" width="373" height="233" srcset="https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/20120622_100_ans_SAL_06_Mouette-135b.jpg 373w, https://airforces.fr/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/20120622_100_ans_SAL_06_Mouette-135b-300x187.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 373px) 100vw, 373px" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-7665" class="wp-caption-text">Mirage F1CR fin &#8211; 02033 SAVOIE Recce Sqn</figcaption></figure></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">General Charles de Gaule, who was in exile in the United Kingdom, named Colonel Valin as Commander-in-Chief of the Free French Air Force (FAFL &#8211; Forces Aériennes Françaises Libres) during the Second World War.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The aviator made a decision of giving its squadrons a French region name for each of them in order to address a strong message to the Vichy regime which collaborated with Hitler, and the Axis powers.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">As a consequence, the Reconnaissance Group GR 2/33 was named Savoie on the 3rd of November 1943, and it has kept this name so far.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">This is why you can see the Savoy&rsquo;s flag on various SAL 6 aircraft. ER 2/33 was stationed near Strasbourg between 1960 and 1994. This is why the Savoy&rsquo;s red flag covered with the white Saint John&rsquo;s Cross (Croix de St Jean) was painted on a huge concrete slab, on a patch of lawn, in the middle of the squadron area, close to the 2/33 photo hangar at <a title="Strasbourg Airport" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entzheim_Airport" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Strasbourg-Entzheim</a> <a title="FRENCH AIR FORCE" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Air_Force" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">FAF</a> Station. This is why this flag has been billowing above the new squadron facilities since early 2012. This is also why an official twinning was organized between this squadron, and the General Council of <a title="Savoie" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoie">Savoie</a>.<br />
As I started to look up through various sources on squadrons &amp; flights history, it turned out that SAL 6 Rhine Gull Flight is a very old unit. Probably <strong>one of the oldest  in the world</strong>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 id="squadrons" style="text-align: justify;">According to the chart here below, <strong>ER 02033 Savoie, and more particularly SAL 6 Rhine Gull would be the third oldest reconnaissance squadron or flight in the world</strong> as of late 2012:</h3>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<table border="0" width="615" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">Rank.</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">NAME</p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" width="108">
<p align="center">From</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">ROLE</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">SQUADRON<br />
(December 2012)</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">COUNTRY<br />
Current station</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">1 ?</p>
</td>
<td width="75">
<p align="center">SAL 1</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Mar 29</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1912</p>
</td>
<td width="141">
<p align="center">Electronic Warfare<br />
Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">EEA 54 Dunkerque</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Evreux</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3" nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">2 ?</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="3" width="75">
<p align="center">No 1</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1878</p>
</td>
<td width="141">
<p align="center">Balloon Company</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="3" nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 1 RAF</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="3" width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Cottesmore<br />
(N°1 RAF<br />
should reform<br />
in late 2012)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">May 13</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1912</p>
</td>
<td width="141">
<p align="center">Royal Flying Corps</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center"><strong>Aug ?</strong></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center"><strong>1914</strong></p>
</td>
<td width="141">
<p align="center"><strong>Heavier than air</strong><br />
Reconnaissance &amp;<br />
Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">3 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 2</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">May 13</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="4" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1912</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Reconnaissance Sqn</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 2 RAF</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Marham</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">3 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 3</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">May 13</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 3 RAF</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Coningsby</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">5</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SPA 3</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jun ?</p>
</td>
<td width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Flight<br />
(Guynemer&rsquo;s flight)</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">EC 1/2 Cigognes</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE, Dijon</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">6</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">BR 104</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jul ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Transport Flight</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">ET 2/61<br />
Franche Comte</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Orleans</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">7 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 4</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Aug ?</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1912</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Training Sqn</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 4 RAF</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Wittering</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">7 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SPA 15</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Aug 22</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">EC 1/7 Provence</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Saint Dizier</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">9 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center"><strong>SAL 6</strong></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Dec ?</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1912</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Reconnaissance Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center"><strong>ER 2/33 Savoie</strong></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Mont de Marsan</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">9 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SAL 8</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Dec 10</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Transport Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">ETL 1/62 Vercors</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE, Creil</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">11 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">BR 11</p>
</td>
<td width="61">
<p align="center">Feb ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1913</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Reconnaissance Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">ER 2/33 Savoie</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Mont de Marsan</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">11?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SAL 14</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">?</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="5" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1913</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Transport Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">ET 1/64 Bearn</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Evreux</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">13 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SPA 103</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Feb 16</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">EC 1/2 Cigognes</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE, Dijon</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">13 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SAL 17</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Feb 16</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Helicopter Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">EH 1/67 Pyrenees</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Cazaux</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">15 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">1 RS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Mar 5</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Reconnaissance Sqn</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">1 RS</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Beale,<br />
California</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">16 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">CFS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Mar ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Training Unit</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">CFS</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">AUSTRALIA,<br />
East Sale</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">17 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">1 Sqn</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Apr 16</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="5" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1913</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">2 Wing Tactique</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">BELGIUM,<br />
Florennes</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">18 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SAL 18</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Transport Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">ET 1/64 Bearn</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Evreux</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">18 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SAL 19</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">May ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Transport Flight</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">ET 2/61<br />
Franche Comte</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Orleans</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">18 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">VB 101</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Transport Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">ET 1/61 Touraine</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Orleans</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">21 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 5</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jul 26</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Reconnaissance Sqn</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 5 RAF</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Waddington</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">22 ?</p>
</td>
<td width="75">
<p align="center">SPA BI 20<br />
or MF 20</p>
</td>
<td width="61">
<p align="center">Dec ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1913</p>
</td>
<td width="141">
<p align="center">Electronic Warfare<br />
Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">EEA 54 Dunkerque</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Evreux</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">23</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 6</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jan 31</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1914</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 6 RAF</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Leuchars</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">24</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 7</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">May 1</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="5" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1914</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 7 RAF</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Odiham</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">25 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SAL 22</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jun 6</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Air Refuelling Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">GRV 93 Bretagne</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE, Istres</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">26 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SPA 69</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jun ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">EC 3/11 Corse</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Republic of<br />
Djibouti</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">27</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SPA 26</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Aug 26</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">EC 1/2 Cigognes</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE, Dijon</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">28</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SAL 28</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Sep 1</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">EC 1/91 Gascogne</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Saint Dizier</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">28</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 203</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Sep 1</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="5" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1914</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Helicopter OCU</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 203 RAF</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Valley</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">30</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SPA 31</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Sep 24</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Training Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">ETD 2/7 Argonne</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Nancy</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">31</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SAL 33</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Oct 2</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Reconnaissance Flight</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">ED 1/33 Belfort<br />
Drone Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Cognac</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">32</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 202</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Oct 17</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">SAR Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 202 RAF</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Valley</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">33</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SPA 102</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Nov 16</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">EC 2/3 Champagne</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Nancy</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">34</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 9</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Dec 8</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1914</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 9 RAF</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Marham</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">35</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 8</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jan 1</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1915</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">AEW Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 8 RAF</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Waddington</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">36</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SPA 38</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jan 8</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="4" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1915</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">EC 3/30 Lorraine</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Al Dhafra, UAE</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">37</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 13</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jan 10</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 13 RAF</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Marham</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">38 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 17</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Feb 1</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 17 RAF</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Coningsby</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">39 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 14</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Feb 3</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">ISTAR Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 14 RAF</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Waddington</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">40 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 11</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Feb 14</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="5" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1915</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 11 RAF</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Coningsby</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">40 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 12</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Feb 14</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 12 RAF</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Lossiemouth</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">42 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SPA 99</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Feb ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Helicopter Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">EH 3/67 Parisis</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Villacoublay</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">43 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 15</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Mar 1</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 15 RAF</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Lossiemouth</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">44 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SPA BI 55</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Mar 3</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Transport Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">ETL 1/62 Vercors</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE, Creil</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">45 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SPA 88</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Mar ?</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="5" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1915</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">EC 3/11 Corse</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Republic of<br />
Djibouti</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">45 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SPA 97</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Mar ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Flight</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">EC 2/30<br />
Normandie-Niemen</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Mont de Marsan</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">47 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 30</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Mar 24</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Transport Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 30 RAF</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Brize Norton</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">48 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SPA 48</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Mar 29</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Training Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">ETD 2/7 Argonne</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Nancy</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">49 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">BR 44</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Apr 4</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">EC 3/3 Ardennes</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Nancy</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">50 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">BR 113</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Apr ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1915</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Transport Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">ET 1/61 Touraine</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Orleans</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">51 ?</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">102 RQS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1908</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Balloon Company</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">1st Aero Company</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" width="109">
<p align="center">USA,<br />
Westhampton<br />
Beach, New York</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center"><strong>May ?</strong></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center"><strong>1915</strong></p>
</td>
<td width="141">
<p align="center"><strong>Heavier than air</strong><br />
Rescue Sqn</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">102nd Rescue Sqn</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">51 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SPA 95</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">May 1</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1915</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">EC 1/3 Navarre</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Nancy</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">53 ?</p>
</td>
<td width="75">
<p align="center">C 53 or<br />
SPA BI 53</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">May 2</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="6" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1915</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Reconnaissance Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">ER 2/33 Savoie</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Mont de Marsan</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">53 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SAL 56</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">May 2</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">EC 3/30 Lorraine</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Al Dhafra, UAE</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">55 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SPA BI 54</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">May 7</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Air Refuelling Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">GRV 93 Bretagne</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE, Istres</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">56 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SPA 57</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">May 11</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Training Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">EE 5/2 Cote d&rsquo;or</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE, Dijon</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">56 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 18</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">May 11</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">SAR Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 18 RAF</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Odiham</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">58 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">2 ARS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">May 12</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Air Refuelling Sqn</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">2 ARS</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA, McGuire<br />
-Dix-Lakehurst,<br />
New Jersey</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">59 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SAL 58</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">May 20</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="5" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1915</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">AEW Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">36th EDCA</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Avord</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">60</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SPA 96</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jun 1</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">EC 2/4 La Fayette</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE, Istres</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">61</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SPA 93</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jul/Sep?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Flight</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">EC 2/30<br />
Normandie-Niemen</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Mont de Marsan</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">62</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SPA 65</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Aug 2</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Training Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">EE 5/2 Cote d&rsquo;or</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE, Dijon</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">63</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SPA 62</p>
</td>
<td width="61">
<p align="center">Aug 11<br />
Apr 25?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">EC 1/3 Navarre</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Nancy</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">64 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 22</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Sep 1</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="5" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1915</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">SAR Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 22 RAF</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Valley</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">65 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SPA 67</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Sep 17</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">EC 2/3 Champagne</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Nancy</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">66 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">F 118</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Sep ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Transport Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">ET 3/61 Poitou</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Orleans</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">66 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">F 119</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Sep ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Transport Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">ET 3/61 Poitou</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Orleans</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">68</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 24</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Sep 21</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Transport Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 24 RAF</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Brize Norton</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">69</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 31</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Oct 11</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="5" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1915</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 31 RAF</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Marham</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">70</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SPA 91</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Oct 13</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Flight</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">EC 2/30<br />
Normandie-Niemen</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Mont de Marsan</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">71</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">BR 66</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Oct 24</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">EC 1/91 Gascogne</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Saint Dizier</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">72</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 27</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Sep 21</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Helicopter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 27 RAF</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Odiham</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">73</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 28</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Nov 7</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Helicopter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 28 RAF</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Benson</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">73</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 29</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Nov 7</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1915</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">OCU</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 29 RAF</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Coningsby</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">75</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 1 (AFC)</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jan 1</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="4" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1916</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 1 RAAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">AUSTRALIA,<br />
Amberley</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">76</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 32</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jan 12</p>
</td>
<td width="141">
<p align="center">VIP Transport Sqn<br />
« The Royal Squadron »</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 32 RAF</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Northolt</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">76</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 33</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jan 12</p>
</td>
<td width="141">
<p align="center">Helicopter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 33 RAF</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Benson</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">78</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">BR 228</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Feb 1</p>
</td>
<td width="141">
<p align="center">Electronic Warfare<br />
Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">EEA 54 Dunkerque</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Evreux</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">79</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">BR 216</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Feb 16</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="4" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1916</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Transport Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">ETOM 82 Maine</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">France, Tahiti</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">80</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 45</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Mar 1</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Training Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 45 RAF</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Cranwell</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">80</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 47</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Mar 1</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Transport Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 47 RAF</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Brize Norton</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">82</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">N 124</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Apr 9</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Flight</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">EC 2/4<br />
La Fayette Escadrille<br />
U.S. 103rd Aero Sqn</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE, Istres</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">83</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 39</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Apr 15</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="4" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1916</p>
</td>
<td width="141">
<p align="center">Drone Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 39 RAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">UK,<br />
Creech, USA</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">84</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SPA 73</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Apr 19</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Training Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">ETO 2 Nice</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Cazaux</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">85</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 55</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Apr 27</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Training Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 55 RAF</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Cranwell</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">86</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 60</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Apr 30</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Helicopter Training Sqn</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 60 RAF</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Shawbury</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">87</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 54</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">May 5</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="4" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1916</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">ISR Sqn &amp; OCU</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 54 RAF</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Waddington</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">88</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 51</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">May 15</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">SIGINT Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 51 RAF</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Waddington</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">89</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 56</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jun 8</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">OEU</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 56 RAF</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Waddington</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">90</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SPA 75</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jul 13</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">EC 2/3 Champagne</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Nancy</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">91</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 41</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jul 14</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="4" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1916</p>
</td>
<td width="141">
<p align="center">Test &amp; Evaluation Sqn</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 41 RAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Coningsby</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">92</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">Jasta 2</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Aug 10</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">Jagdstaffel 2<br />
(Red Baron Sqn)</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">GERMAN Empire<br />
Bertincourt, France</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">93</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">Jasta 4</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Aug 25</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">Jagdstaffel 4<br />
(Ernst Udet Sqn)</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">GERMAN Empire<br />
Vaux, France</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">94 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 2 (AFC)</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Sep ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">AEW Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 2 RAAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">AUSTRALIA,<br />
Williamtown</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">95 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SPA 77</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Sep 19</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="4" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1916</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">EC 1/7 Provence</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Saint Dizier</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">95 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 3 (AFC)</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Sep 19</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 3 RAAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">AUSTRALIA,<br />
Williamtown</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">97 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">Jasta 11</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Sep 28</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">Jagdstaffel 11<br />
« Flying Circus »<br />
(Red Baron Sqn)</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">GERMAN Empire<br />
Douai, France</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">98</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 4 (AFC)</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Oct 16</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">FACDU Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 4 RAAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">AUSTRALIA,<br />
Williamtown</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">99</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 208</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Oct 26</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="5" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1916</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Training Sqn</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 208 RAF</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Valley</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">100</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">3 FTS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Nov 1</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Training Sqn</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">3 FTS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Vance</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">100</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 78</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Nov 1</p>
</td>
<td width="141">
<p align="center">Helicopter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 78 RAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Benson</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">102</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SPA 79</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Nov 21</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">EC 1/91 Gascogne</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Saint Dizier</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">103</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SPA 78</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Dec 12</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Training Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">ETO 2 Nice</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Cazaux</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">104</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SPA 81</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Dec 26</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1916</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">EC 2/4 La Fayette</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE, Istres</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">105</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 84</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jan 7</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1917</p>
</td>
<td width="141">
<p align="center">SAR Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 84 RAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">UK,<br />
Akrotiri, Cyprus</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">106</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 100</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Feb 23</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="5" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1917</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Training Sqn</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 100 RAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Leeming</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">107</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">BR 131</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jun 2</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Transport Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">ET 2/64 Anjou</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Evreux</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">107</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">12 RS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jun 2</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Reconnaissance Sqn</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">12th Recce Sqn</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Beale,<br />
California</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">109</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">119 FS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jun 5</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">119th Fighter Sqn</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA,<br />
Atlantic City,<br />
New Jersey</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">110</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">34 BS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jun 11</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Bomb Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">34th Bomb Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Ellsworth</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">111</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">35 FS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jun 12</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="5" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1917</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">35th Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA,<br />
Kunsan, S. Korea</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">111</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">36 FS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jun 12</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">36th Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA,<br />
Osan, S. Korea</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">113</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">9 BS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jun 14</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Bomb Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">9th Bomb Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Dyess</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">114</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 6 (AFC)</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jun 15</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Training Sqn</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 6 RAAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">AUSTRALIA,<br />
Amberley</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">114</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">27 FS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jun 15</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">27th Fighter Squadron<br />
« Fighting Eagles »</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Langley,<br />
Virginia</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">116 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">BR 132</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jun ?</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="5" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1917</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Transport Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">ET 2/64 Anjou</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Evreux</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">117</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">23 BS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jun 16</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Bomb Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">23rd Bomb Sqn</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Minot,<br />
North Dakota</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">118</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">JG 1</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jun 24</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Sqn/Group</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">Jagdgeschwader 1<br />
(Red Baron Sqn)</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">GERMAN Empire<br />
Douai (France)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">119</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">11 BS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jun 26</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Bomb Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">11th Bomb Sqn</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Barksdale,<br />
Louisiana</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">119</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">20 BS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jun 26</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Bomb Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">20th Bomb Sqn</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Barksdale,<br />
Louisiana</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">121</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 72</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jun 28</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="4" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1917</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Training Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 72 RAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">UK,<br />
Linton-on-Ouse</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">122</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 101</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jul 12</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Air Refuelling Sqn</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 101 RAF</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Brize Norton</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">123</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SPA 153</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jul 1</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">EC 1/3 Navarre</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Nancy</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">124</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SPA 152</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jul 9</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Helicopter Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">EHOM 68 Guyane</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
French Guyana,<br />
Rochambeau</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">124</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SPA 162</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jul 9</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1917</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Flight</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">EC 1/7 Provence</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Saint Dizier</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jan 28</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1918</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">126</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">55 FS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Aug 9</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1917</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">55th Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Shaw,<br />
South Carolina</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">127</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">77 AS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Aug 13</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1917</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" width="141">
<p align="center">77 Aero Service Sqn,<br />
predecessor to the current 77 FS<br />
+ 2 Other Squadrons</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" width="138">
<p align="center">Now 489th RS<br />
Reconnaissance Sqn<br />
&amp; 77th Fighter Sqn<br />
(Former Squadron A)</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Beale,<br />
California<br />
&amp; USA, Shaw,<br />
South Carolina</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Feb 20</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1918</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">128</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">110 BS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Aug 14</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1917</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Bomb Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">110th Bomb Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Whiteman,<br />
Missouri</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">129</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 99</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Aug 15</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="4" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1917</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Transport Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 99 RAF</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Brize Norton</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">130</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">112 FS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Aug 18</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">112th Fighter Sqn</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA,<br />
Toledo, Ohio</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">131</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">94 FS</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Aug 20</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">94th Fighter Squadron<br />
« Hat in the Ring »</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Langley,<br />
Virginia</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">132</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">96 BS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Bomb Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">96th Bomb Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Barksdale,<br />
Louisiana</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">133</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">93 BS</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Aug 21</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="4" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1917</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Bomb Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">93rd Bomb Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Barksdale,<br />
Louisiana</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">134</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">99 RS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Reconnaissance Sqn</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">99th Recce Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Beale,<br />
California</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">135</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">120 FS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Aug 28</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">120th Fighter Sqn<br />
« Colorado Cougars »</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA,<br />
Buckley AFB,<br />
Aurora, Colorado</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">136</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 216</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Oct 5</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Air Refuelling Sqn</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 216 RAF</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Brize Norton</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">137</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SAL 253</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Nov 18?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1917</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">AEW Flight</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">36th EDCA</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Avord</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">138</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">BR 257</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jan 1</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1918</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" width="141">
<p align="center">AEW Flight</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">36th EDCA</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Avord</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Apr 8</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1915?</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">139</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">79 FS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Feb 22</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1918</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">79th Fighter Squadron<br />
« Tigers »</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Shaw,<br />
South Carolina</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">140</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">BR 237</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Mar 16</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1918</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Transport Flight</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">ETOM 82 Maine</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE, Tahiti</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Feb 17</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1916?</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">141</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SPA 163</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Apr 4</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1918</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter &amp;<br />
Experimentation Flight</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" width="138">
<p align="center">EC 5/330<br />
Cote d&rsquo;argent</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Mont de Marsan</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">May 6</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">142</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 230</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Aug 20</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1918</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Helicopter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 230 RAF</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Benson</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">143</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SPA 167</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Aug 22</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1918</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Flight</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">EC 2/4 La Fayette</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE, Istres</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jan 1 ?</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">144</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">SPA 164</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Sep 18</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1918</p>
</td>
<td width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter &amp;<br />
Experimentation Flight</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">EC 5/330<br />
Cote d&rsquo;argent</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Mont de Marsan</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">145</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">VR 291</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Nov 5</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1918</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Reconnaissance Flight</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">ED 1/33 Belfort<br />
Drone Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">FRANCE,<br />
Cognac</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">Inact.</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">7. EL</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Nov 7</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1918</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Flight</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">7. Eskadra Lotnicza<br />
Kościuszko Sqn</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">POLAND, Lviv</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">146</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">VFA-14</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Sep ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1919</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td valign="bottom" width="138">
<p align="center">Strike Fighter Sqn 14<br />
« Tophatters »</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Lemoore,<br />
California</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">Inact.</p>
</td>
<td width="75">
<p align="center">1st KD</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">May ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1920</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Air Battalion</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">1st Koku Daitai</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">JAPANESE<br />
Empire</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">147</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">VMFA-232</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Sep 1</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1925</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Marine Fighter Sqn</p>
</td>
<td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">The « Red Devils »</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Miramar,<br />
California</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">148 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 3</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1930</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Helicopter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 3 RNZAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">NEW ZEALAND,<br />
Ohakea</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">149 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">VP-46</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jul 1</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1931</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Patrol Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">Patrol Squadron 46</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA,<br />
Whidbey Island</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">150 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">CFS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1932</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Transport Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">Central Flying School<br />
SAAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">SOUTH AFRICA,<br />
Langebaanweg</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">151 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 400</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Oct 5</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1932</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Helicopter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 400 RCAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">CANADA,<br />
Borden</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 402</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Transport/Training Sqn</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 402 RCAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">CANADA,<br />
Winnipeg</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">153 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 1 Sqn</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Apr 1</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1933</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">No. 1 Squadron<br />
(The Tigers)</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">INDIA, Gwalior</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">154 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">121 FS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1930s</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">121st Fighter Sqn<br />
« Guardians »</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Andrews,<br />
Maryland</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">155 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">68 AS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1936</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Air School</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">68 Air School SAAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">SOUTH AFRICA,<br />
Pretoria</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">156 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">2 Sqn</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jan ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1939</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">2 Squadron SAAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">SOUTH AFRICA,<br />
Makhado</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">157 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 10</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jul 1</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1939</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Maritime Patrol Sqn</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 10 RAAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">AUSTRALIA,<br />
Point Cook</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3" nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">158 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">15 Sqn</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="3" nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Sep 1</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="3" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1939</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Helicopter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">15 Squadron SAAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">SOUTH AFRICA,<br />
Port Elizabeth</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">17 Sqn</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">VIP Transport Sqn</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">17 Squadron SAAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">SOUTH AFRICA,<br />
Waterkloof</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">19 Sqn</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Helicopter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">19 Squadron SAAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">SOUTH AFRICA,<br />
Hoedspruit</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">161 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">16 Sqn</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Sep 14</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1939</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Helicopter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">16 Squadron SAAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">SOUTH AFRICA,<br />
Bloemspruit</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">162 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 11</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Sep 25</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Maritime Patrol Sqn</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 11 RAAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">AUSTRALIA,<br />
Edinburgh</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">163</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">18 AS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Dec 22</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1939</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Aggressor Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">18th AGRS</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Eielson,<br />
Alaska</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">164</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">123 FS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jul 30</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1940</p>
</td>
<td width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">123rd Fighter Sqn<br />
« Redhawks »</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Portland,<br />
Oregon</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">165</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">41 Sqn</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Oct 16</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1940</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Transport Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">41 Squadron SAAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">SOUTH AFRICA,<br />
Waterkloof</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3" nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">166</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">64 AS</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="3" nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Nov 20</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="3" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1940</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Aggressor Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">64th AGRS</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Nellis,<br />
Nevada</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">65 AS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Aggressor Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">65th AGRS</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Nellis,<br />
Nevada</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">69 BS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Bomb Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">69th Bomb Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Minot,<br />
North Dakota</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">169</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">60 Sqn</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Dec ?</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1940</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Transport Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">60 Squadron SAAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">SOUTH AFRICA,<br />
Waterkloof</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">125 FS</p>
</td>
<td width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">125th Fighter Sqn<br />
« Tulsa Vipers »</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Tulsa,<br />
Oklahoma</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">171</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">44 FS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jan 1</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1941</p>
</td>
<td width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">44th Fighter Squadron<br />
« Vampires »</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Kadena,<br />
Japan</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="7" nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">172 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">960 AACS</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="3" nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jan 15</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="3" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1941</p>
</td>
<td width="141">
<p align="center">AC&amp;C Squradron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">960th Airborne Air<br />
Control Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Tinker,<br />
Oklahoma</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">4 FS</p>
</td>
<td width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">4th Fighter Squadron<br />
« Fightin&rsquo; Fuujins »</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Hill, Utah</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">7 FS</p>
</td>
<td width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">7th Fighter Squadron<br />
« Bunyips »</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Holloman,<br />
New Mexico</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">61 FS</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="4" nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jan 15</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="4" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1941</p>
</td>
<td width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">61st Fighter Squadron<br />
« Top Dogs »</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Luke,<br />
Arizona</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">62 FS</p>
</td>
<td width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">62nd Fighter Sqn</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Luke,<br />
Arizona</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">63 FS</p>
</td>
<td width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">63rd Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Luke,<br />
Arizona</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">64 FS</p>
</td>
<td width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">64th Fighter Squadron<br />
« Fighting Cocks »</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Kadena,<br />
Japan</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">179 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 403</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Mar 1</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1941</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Helicopter OTS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 403 RCAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">CANADA,<br />
Gagetown</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">180 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 404</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Apr 15</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1941</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">LRP&amp;T Sqn</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 404 RCAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">CANADA,<br />
Greenwood</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">181 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 405</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Apr 23</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1941</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">LRP Sqn</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 405 RCAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">CANADA,<br />
Greenwood</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">182 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 406</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">May 5</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1941</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Maritime OTS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 406 RCAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">CANADA,<br />
Shearwater</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">183 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">21 Sqn</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">May 8</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1941</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">VIP Transport Sqn</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">21 Squadron SAAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">SOUTH AFRICA,<br />
Waterkloof</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 407</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">LRP Sqn</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 407 RCAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">CANADA,<br />
Comox</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">185 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 408</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jun 24</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1941</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Helicopter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 408 RCAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">CANADA,<br />
Edmonton</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">186 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 409</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jun ?</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1941</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 409 RCAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">CANADA,<br />
Cold Lake</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 410</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Training Sqn</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">No 410 RCAF<br />
(« Jetstream » series)</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">CANADA,<br />
Cold Lake</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">188 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 412</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jun 30</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1941</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">VIP Transport Sqn</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 412 RCAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">CANADA,<br />
Trenton</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">189 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 413</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jul ?</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="3" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1941</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Transport/Rescue Sqn</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 413 RCAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">CANADA,<br />
Greenwood</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">190 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 5</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Nov ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Maritime Patrol Sqn</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 5 RNZAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">NEW ZEALAND,<br />
Republic of Fiji</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">191 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 417</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Nov 27</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Helicopter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 417 RCAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">CANADA,<br />
Cold Lake</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">192 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 419</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1941</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Training Sqn</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 419 RCAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">CANADA,<br />
Cold Lake</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">193</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">80 FS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jan 6</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1942</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">80th Fighter Squadron<br />
« Headhunters / Juvats »</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA,<br />
Misawa, Japan</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">194</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">13 FS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jan 13</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="4" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1942</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">13th Fighter Squadron<br />
« The Panther Pack »</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA,<br />
Kunsan, S. Korea</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">195</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">81 FS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jan 15</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">81st Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA,<br />
Spangdahlem, Germany</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">196</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">134 FS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jan 28</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">134th Fighter Sqn<br />
« The Green<br />
Mountain Boys »</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA,<br />
Burlington,<br />
Vermont</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">343 BS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jan 28</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Bomb Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">343rd Bomb Sqn</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Barksdale,<br />
Louisiana</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">198 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 6</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Feb ?</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="6" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1942</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Helicopter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 6 RNZAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">NEW ZEALAND,<br />
RNZ Navy</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">199 ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">100 FS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Feb 19</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">100th Fighter Sqn<br />
Tuskegee airmen Sqn</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA,<br />
Montgomery,<br />
Alabama</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">200</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 423</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">May 18</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Helicopter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 423 RCAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">CANADA,<br />
Shearwater</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">201</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">14 FS</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jun 20</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">14th Fighter Squadron<br />
« Fightin&rsquo; Samurai »</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA,<br />
Misawa, Japan</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">13 RS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Reconnaissance Sqn</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">13th Recce Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Beale,<br />
California</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">203</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 425</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jun 22</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 425 RCAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">CANADA,<br />
Bagotville</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">204</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">VMA-214</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jul 1</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1942</p>
</td>
<td width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron<br />
Marine Attack Sqn</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">Pappy Boyington&rsquo;s<br />
« Black Sheep » Sqn</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Yuma,<br />
Arizona</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">22 Sqn</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Helicopter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">22 Squadron SAAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">SOUTH AFRICA,<br />
Ysterplaat</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">206</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">176 FS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jul 16</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1942</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">176th Fighter Sqn<br />
« Badger Air Militia »</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA,<br />
Madison,<br />
Wisconsin</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">207</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">131 FS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Aug 18</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1942</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">131st Fighter Sqn<br />
« Barnestormers »</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA,<br />
Barnes,<br />
Massachussetts</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">208</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">159 FS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Sep 30</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1942</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">159th Fighter Sqn</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA,<br />
Jacksonville,<br />
Florida</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">209</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">148 FS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Oct 1</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1942</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">148th Fighter Sqn<br />
« Kickin&rsquo; ass »</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA,<br />
Tucson, Arizona</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">210</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 424</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Oct 15</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1942</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Transport/Rescue Sqn</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 424 RCAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">CANADA,<br />
Trenton</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 426</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Transport training Sqn</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 426 RCAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">CANADA,<br />
Trenton</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">212</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 427</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Nov 7</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1942</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">SOAS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 427 RCAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">CANADA,<br />
Petawawa</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">213</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">162 FS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Dec ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1942</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">162nd Fighter Sqn</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA,<br />
Springfield-<br />
Beckley, Ohio</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">214</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">188 FS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jan 25</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1943</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">188th Fighter Sqn<br />
« Enchilada Air Force »<br />
« The Tacos »</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Kirtland,<br />
Albuquerque,<br />
New Mexico</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">215</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 617</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Mar 21</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1943</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">No 617 RAF<br />
« The Dambusters »</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="109">
<p align="center">UK, Lossiemouth</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">216</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">175 FS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Apr 27</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1943</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">175th Fighter Sqn<br />
« Fightin&rsquo; Lobos »</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA,<br />
Sioux Falls,<br />
South Dakota</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">217</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">182 FS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">May 24</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="3" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1943</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">182nd Fighter Sqn<br />
« Lonestar Gunfighters »</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Lackland,<br />
San Antonio, Texas</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">218</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">186 FS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">May 25</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">186th Fighter Sqn<br />
« Charlie Chickens »</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Great Falls,<br />
Montana</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">219</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">179 FS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">May 26</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">179th Fighter Sqn<br />
« Bulldogs »</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA,<br />
Duluth, Minnesota</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">220</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 40</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Jun 1</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1943</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Transport Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 40 RNZAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">NEW ZEALAND,<br />
Auckland</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">93 FS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">93th Fighter Squadron<br />
« Fighting Makos »</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA,<br />
Homestead,<br />
Florida</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">222</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">No 42</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Dec ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1943</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">VIP Transport Sqn</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">No 42 RNZAF</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">NEW ZEALAND,<br />
Whenuapai</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">223</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">393 BS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Feb 28</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1944</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Bomb Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">393rd Bomb Sqn</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Whiteman,<br />
Missouri</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">224</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">21 FS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Oct 15</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1944</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">21st Fighter Squadron<br />
« Gamblers »</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Luke,<br />
Arizona</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">225</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">157 FS</p>
</td>
<td width="61">
<p align="center">Feb 9?<br />
Jun 30</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1946</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">157th Fighter Squadron<br />
« Swamp Fox »</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA, McEntire,<br />
South Carolina</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">226</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">124 FS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Oct ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1948</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">124th Fighter Sqn<br />
« Hawkeyes »</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA,<br />
Des Moines,<br />
Iowa</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">170 FS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">Oct ?</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1948</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Fighter Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="138">
<p align="center">170th Fighter Sqn<br />
« Fighting Illini »</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA,<br />
Springfield,<br />
Illinois</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="44">
<p align="center">228</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="75">
<p align="center">337 AS</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="61">
<p align="center">May 10</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="46">
<p align="center">1949</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="141">
<p align="center">Transport Squadron</p>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" width="138">
<p align="center">337th Airlift Squadron</p>
</td>
<td width="109">
<p align="center">USA, Westover,<br />
Massachussetts</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="text-align: justify;">It has been very difficult to sort out these units in such a ranking as historians are still working on the military aviation history. It is hard to consider whether the administrative or material creation is taken into acount in some cases. For some flights or squadrons, you can find the administrative creation date only but you still find traces of pilots and aircraft&rsquo;s existence of these very flights and squadrons after and even BEFORE the administrative creation!</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Some other dates correspond to the day when units became operational. Moreover, mistakes have been pointed out in some books and website sources. It has become &#8211; since the beginning of this chart &#8211; that such charts should be updated. Last but not least, the Russian military aviation organization doesn&rsquo;t match the western patterns, and coould not be inserted in these charts. That is to say that these charts cannot be exactly right&#8230; Sorry!</p>
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<p>The post <a href="https://airforces.fr/2012/12/01/er-233-savoie-among-oldest-squadrons/">ER 2/33 SAVOIE &#8211; AMONG OLDEST SQUADRONS</a> appeared first on <a href="https://airforces.fr">AVIATION ENGLISH</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Jan. 23 &#8211; 1st flight anniversary of both BLERIOT XI &#038; TU-126</title>
		<link>https://airforces.fr/2012/01/24/jan-23-1st-flight-anniversary-of-both-bleriot-xi-tu-126/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Toni G.]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 23 Jan 2012 23:53:55 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Aviation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bleriot XI]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[France]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[French AF]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[NIVEAU 4 OACI / ICAO LEVEL 4 plus PLS 2 / SLP 2]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pilots]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[READ]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[RUSSIA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Russian AF]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tu-126]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[WW1]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[1909]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[1962]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AEW&C]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AIRCRAFT]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AVIATION]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Channel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Flights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[FRENCH AIR FORCE]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[HISTORY]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Louis Blériot]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Maiden]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ole Primdahl]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[PILOTS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[PLS 2222]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tu-114]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tupolev]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Twitter]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>Thanks to the new Twitter technology, we can now embed some Twitter posts. A great aviation history&#8217;s tweep &#8211; @OlePrimdahl &#8211; pays tribute to both the Russian Airborne Early Warning and Control (AEW&#038;C) Tupolev Tu-126 Moss (January 23, 1962), and<span class="ellipsis">&#8230;</span></p>
<div class="read-more"><a href="https://airforces.fr/2012/01/24/jan-23-1st-flight-anniversary-of-both-bleriot-xi-tu-126/">Lire la suite <span class="screen-reader-text">Jan. 23 &#8211; 1st flight anniversary of both BLERIOT XI &#038; TU-126</span><span class="meta-nav"> &#8250;</span></a></div>
<p><!-- end of .read-more --></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://airforces.fr/2012/01/24/jan-23-1st-flight-anniversary-of-both-bleriot-xi-tu-126/">Jan. 23 &#8211; 1st flight anniversary of both BLERIOT XI &#038; TU-126</a> appeared first on <a href="https://airforces.fr">AVIATION ENGLISH</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thanks to the new Twitter technology, we can now embed some Twitter posts. A great aviation history&rsquo;s tweep &#8211; <a href="https://x.com/OlePrimdahl" title="Ole Primdahl Twitter account" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="broken_link">@OlePrimdahl</a> &#8211; pays tribute to both the Russian Airborne Early Warning and Control (AEW&#038;C) Tupolev Tu-126 Moss (January 23, 1962), and the famous French Blériot XI (January 23, 1909) flown by Louis Blériot to cross the Channel for the first time ie 6 months later:</p>
<p><center></p>
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p><a href="https://x.com/search?q=%2523Onthisday" class="broken_link" rel="nofollow">#Onthisday</a> in <a href="https://x.com/search?q=%2523aviation" class="broken_link" rel="nofollow">#aviation</a> <a href="https://x.com/search?q=%2523history" class="broken_link" rel="nofollow">#history</a>: First flight of the Tupolev Tu-126 « Moss » AEW &#038; C aircraft in 1962. <a href="https://www.aviastar.org/air/russia/tu-126.php" title="http://bit.ly/xw7toq">bit.ly/xw7toq</a></p>
<p>&mdash; Ole Primdahl (@OlePrimdahl) <a href="https://x.com/OlePrimdahl/status/161581800794243072" datetime="2012-01-23T22:51:18+00:00" class="broken_link" rel="nofollow">January 23, 2012</a></p></blockquote>
<p><script src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script></center><center></p>
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p><a href="https://x.com/search?q=%2523Onthisday" class="broken_link" rel="nofollow">#Onthisday</a> in <a href="https://x.com/search?q=%2523aviation" class="broken_link" rel="nofollow">#aviation</a> <a href="https://x.com/search?q=%2523history" class="broken_link" rel="nofollow">#history</a>: First flight of the Blériot XI light monoplane aircraft in 1909. <a href="https://www.theaerodrome.com/aircraft/france/bleriot_xi.php" title="http://bit.ly/xWjfA0">bit.ly/xWjfA0</a></p>
<p>&mdash; Ole Primdahl (@OlePrimdahl) <a href="https://x.com/OlePrimdahl/status/161519757814804480" datetime="2012-01-23T18:44:45+00:00" class="broken_link" rel="nofollow">January 23, 2012</a></p></blockquote>
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<p>The post <a href="https://airforces.fr/2012/01/24/jan-23-1st-flight-anniversary-of-both-bleriot-xi-tu-126/">Jan. 23 &#8211; 1st flight anniversary of both BLERIOT XI &#038; TU-126</a> appeared first on <a href="https://airforces.fr">AVIATION ENGLISH</a>.</p>
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		<title>PEARL HARBOR ATTACK &#038; WWII</title>
		<link>https://airforces.fr/2011/12/07/pearl-harbor-attack-wwii/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Toni G.]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 07 Dec 2011 21:50:14 +0000</pubDate>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>The Pearl Harbor Attack(called Hawaii Operation or Operation AI by the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters &#8211; Operation Z in planning &#8211; and the Battle of Pearl Harbor) happened on Sunday December 7, 1941 ie 70 years ago. Here is a<span class="ellipsis">&#8230;</span></p>
<div class="read-more"><a href="https://airforces.fr/2011/12/07/pearl-harbor-attack-wwii/">Lire la suite <span class="screen-reader-text">PEARL HARBOR ATTACK &#038; WWII</span><span class="meta-nav"> &#8250;</span></a></div>
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<p>The post <a href="https://airforces.fr/2011/12/07/pearl-harbor-attack-wwii/">PEARL HARBOR ATTACK &#038; WWII</a> appeared first on <a href="https://airforces.fr">AVIATION ENGLISH</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The Pearl Harbor Attack(called Hawaii Operation or Operation AI by the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters &#8211; Operation Z in planning &#8211; and the Battle of Pearl Harbor) happened on Sunday December 7, 1941 ie 70 years ago. Here is a video of remembrance of the infamous day which dragged the United States of America into World War II:</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><center><iframe loading="lazy" src="http://player.vimeo.com/video/33263172?title=0&amp;byline=0&amp;portrait=0" width="600" height="450" frameborder="0" webkitAllowFullScreen mozallowfullscreen allowFullScreen></iframe></p>
<p><a href="https://vimeo.com/33263172">Pearl Harbor: A Landmark in History, part 5</a> from <a href="https://vimeo.com/pacificparks">Pacific Historic Parks</a> on <a href="https://vimeo.com/">Vimeo</a>.</p>
<p></center></p>
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<p>The post <a href="https://airforces.fr/2011/12/07/pearl-harbor-attack-wwii/">PEARL HARBOR ATTACK &#038; WWII</a> appeared first on <a href="https://airforces.fr">AVIATION ENGLISH</a>.</p>
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		<title>RENO AIR RACES CRASH &#8211; Pilot Tried to Avoid Bleachers</title>
		<link>https://airforces.fr/2011/09/17/reno-air-races-crash-pilot-tried-to-avoid-bleachers/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Toni G.]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 17 Sep 2011 11:32:06 +0000</pubDate>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://airforces.fr/?p=6612</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>74-year-old Jimmy Leeward, a movie stunt pilot was flying a P-51 Mustang called « Galloping Ghost » for the Reno Air Race yesterday September 16, 2011. On the video you can see that shortly after lifting-up to reach the middle part of<span class="ellipsis">&#8230;</span></p>
<div class="read-more"><a href="https://airforces.fr/2011/09/17/reno-air-races-crash-pilot-tried-to-avoid-bleachers/">Lire la suite <span class="screen-reader-text">RENO AIR RACES CRASH &#8211; Pilot Tried to Avoid Bleachers</span><span class="meta-nav"> &#8250;</span></a></div>
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<p>The post <a href="https://airforces.fr/2011/09/17/reno-air-races-crash-pilot-tried-to-avoid-bleachers/">RENO AIR RACES CRASH &#8211; Pilot Tried to Avoid Bleachers</a> appeared first on <a href="https://airforces.fr">AVIATION ENGLISH</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>74-year-old Jimmy Leeward, a movie stunt pilot was flying a P-51 Mustang called « Galloping Ghost » for the Reno Air Race yesterday September 16, 2011.</p>
<p>On the video you can see that shortly after lifting-up to reach the middle part of a loop, the aircraft dived towards the bleachers, and crashed very close to them. According to the news, 3 died, and 54 would have been injured, 12 of which in severe conditions. A Mayday emergency call would have been heard a few seconds before the accident.</p>
<p>The Reno Air Races have been cancelled even if the families insisted on letting the airshow go on. Some videos on the Internet show how violent the impact was. The area has been cordoned off as the <a href="https://www.ntsb.gov/Pages/home.aspx" title="National Transportation Safety Board">NTSB</a> is still investigating, as well as <a href="https://www.faa.gov" title="Federal Aviation Administration">FAA</a> officials were on the spot, and a mass-casualty situation has been reported.</p>
<p>Jimmy Leeward would have tried to dodge the bleachers as his P-51 was going down. The famous pilot would have saved hundreds of potential casualties before he died, according to this eyewitness account:</p>
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<p>The post <a href="https://airforces.fr/2011/09/17/reno-air-races-crash-pilot-tried-to-avoid-bleachers/">RENO AIR RACES CRASH &#8211; Pilot Tried to Avoid Bleachers</a> appeared first on <a href="https://airforces.fr">AVIATION ENGLISH</a>.</p>
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